American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Workshop on International Space Cooperation Solving Global Problems

(b) The norms of national and international air law would apply only during Earth to Earth missions of aerospace objects, but not to aerospace objects that were intended for the exploration and use of outer space

ITC International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences

Aerospace objects should be regarded as aircraft in airspace and as spacecraft in space.

Aerospace objects returning from space were able, more or less freely, to travel in airspace and land horizontally like ordinary aircraft because of that characteristic it was impossible to draw a complete analogy between their return to Earth and that of an ordinary space object.

There are indeed precedents relating to aerospace objects, such as space shuttles, in respect of their aerodynamic characteristics.

If aerospace objects moving through airspace are considered to be aircraft and are consequently governed by air law, it is the norms of air law that have to be applied to them after re entry into the Earth apos s atmosphere.

applicable to aerospace objects? 8

No precedents are believed to exist with respect to the passage of aerospace objects after re entry into the Earth apos s atmosphere in so far as the Space Shuttle might not be regarded as an aerospace object , since it is not strictly capable of motion through airspace.

Question 7 Are there precedents with respect to the passage of aerospace objects after

NASA (National Aeronautical and Space Administration of the United States of America)

(b) The definition could be accepted if aerospace object was replaced with aerospace vehicle or aerospace craft , and the expression to remain in outer space for a certain period of time was replaced with to travel through airspace

(a) Air law applies to aerospace objects moving through airspace

All aerospace objects should be registered as quot spacecraft quot and also as quot aircraft quot .

Question 4 Are aerospace objects while in airspace considered as aircraft, and

When an aerospace object is located in the territorial airspace of another State, it may be subject to international air law as well as to relevant domestic air law by reason of national security or aerial safety as long as it has characteristics both of an aeroplane which is subject to air law and a space object which is subject to space law.

SUNSAT would also carry the global positioning system (GPS) navigational receiver of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and a set of laser reflectors for precise positioning experiments.

Until special procedures about an aerospace object are prepared, the aerospace object flying in the airspace, especially in a certain State apos s territorial airspace, is considered as an aircraft and the aerospace object located in outer space is considered as a space object which is subject to space law.

outer space applicable to aerospace objects? 8

outer space applicable to aerospace objects? 4

A. International Aeronautical and Space Activities

Question 7 Are there precedents with respect to the passage of aerospace objects

(g) Basic space research, implementation of the Spektr project jointly with ESA, the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and NASA

However, in case of its passage over a certain State apos s territorial airspace after entry into airspace, international air law or the relevant State apos s domestic law can be applied to the aerospace object in relation to the country apos s sovereignty and security problem.

Question 4 Are aerospace objects while in airspace considered as aircraft, and while in

Question 4 Are aerospace objects while in airspace considered as aircraft, and while in outer

The regime of an aerospace object undertaking an Earth to Earth mission without entering outer space is determined by the norms of international air law while an aerospace object undertaking an Earth orbit mission comes within the jurisdiction of international space law.

A classification as aircraft or spacecraft on the basis of the purpose and or destination of the aerospace object may cause confusion.

The founding members of IADC were the European Space Agency (ESA), Japan, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the United States of America and the Russian Space Agency (RSA).

The Office of Aerospace continues to provide input and policy guidance on air traffic control technology developments, including the GPS.

The IADC membership includes the European Space Agency (ESA), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Russian Space Agency (RKA), the China National Space Administration (CNSA), Japan, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and the French Space Agency (CNES).

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (United States of America)

space applicable to aerospace objects?

space applicable to aerospace objects ?

2. National Aeronautics and Space Administration

space applicable to aerospace objects?

Question 7 Are there precedents with respect to the passage of aerospace objects after

Question 7 Are there precedents with respect to the passage of aerospace objects after

ISAS plans to send a spacecraft called LUNAR A to the Moon in 1997.

International air law should be applied to aerospace objects while they are in the airspace of another State.

Planes.

space as spacecraft, with all the legal consequences that follow therefrom, or does either air law or space law prevail during the flight of an aerospace craft, depending on the destination of such a flight?

The Institute of Aerospace Medicine of the German Aerospace Research Establishment was conducting a number of telemedicine projects.

The Aerospace Breeding Research Centre of CASC had flown and recovered various seeds on its recoverable spacecraft.

Paper by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration