The income of each worker is determined by the worker's personal contribution to the end results of the work, is subject to taxes, and has no ceiling.

A total of 41 per cent of independent workers and 51 per cent of informal own account workers have incomes below the minimum monthly wage.

With an unemployment rate of 8.5 , a labor force participation rate of only 64 , and stagnant real wages, labor income has fallen to an historic low of 44 of national income. And labor income is the most important component of household earnings, the major driver of consumption spending.

(c) To persons who have lost their jobs because of labour contract termination, who have been engaged for half time jobs with wages below the minimum wage.

The additional work and time burdens borne by women are not counted in the national income and product accounts.3

The pay is that of a first lieutenant.

33. Government income distribution strategies have been put into operation through labour legislation and minimum wage machinery.

In fact, these three categories include 92.8 per cent of unpaid female family workers, 94.7 per cent of female workers with monthly incomes below half the minimum legal wage, 88.3 per cent of women with incomes between half and one minimum wage, and almost 62 per cent of women with incomes of one to two minimum wages.

These benefits affect earnings and other labor rights, so they are rarely used in practice.

5. Comments were also received from the International Labour Organization and the Arab Labour Organization.

Women have been displaced towards open unemployment and informal employment, which demands more effort and provides less income.

They significantly contributed to National Income.

All these have helped to increase the earnings of organized labour and those who have come under minimum wage determining machinery.

Decent work is at the centre of the ILO mandate and activities, bringing together the goals of rights at work, employment and income, social protection, and social dialogue.

The right to food, adequate housing, health, education, access to gainful employment, respect for international labour standards (including freedom of association and collective bargaining in the area of labour, freedom from discrimination in labour, elimination of forced labour and child labour) are all linked to poverty eradication.

The Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labor initiated a special program to integrate single parents into the labor market, specifically those receiving income guarantees and alimony payments, with the intention of increasing single parents' earning capabilities, while raising their employment qualifications.

430. There is nothing in the law which prevents membership of a labour organization, the establishment of a labour organization or joint efforts by labour organizations.

The main sources of income for the local population are farming, household chores, stevedoring at the seaport, work at the airport, firewood collection and charcoal burning.

This rebalancing has helped to improve China s income distribution. Indeed, in recent years, labor s share of national income has been on the rise a direct reflection of the decline in manufacturing and expansion in services.

The International Labour Organization (ILO), for example, advocates the measurement of employment and income contributions by informal household enterprises in countries with a view to promoting appropriate governmental policies.

Of the many factors that have decreased the share of consumption in China s economy, declining household disposable income has been central. That, in turn, has reflected the fall in labor income as a share of the economy, owing in part to structural changes that have moved workers out of agriculture (where the labor share of income is high) and into manufacturing (where capital commands a larger share of income).

One of the most pertinent aspects of the employment problem is the inequality suffered by women in terms of remuneration for their work.

China could usefully explore shifting part of the burden from labor toward property, capital gains, and inheritance taxes. Larger dividends paid to the budget from the highly profitable state enterprise sector could also provide an alternative source of funds.

One key idea was to lighten the tax burden on labor . Taking into account the personal income tax and various social contributions, taxation of labor income in China is too high . To be sure, taxes are needed to finance social spending, but revenue sources other than taxes on labor income could do the job. China could usefully explore shifting part of the burden from labor toward property, capital gains, and inheritance taxes.

ILO s work on improving the tools for poverty monitoring include the preparation of compendia of data on the incidence of poverty and on income distribution.

Most of the national trade union cooperatives, which are the largest and most successful, contribute their surplus to the Federation which is then channelled to the benefit of the lower income workers in Singapore.

In fact, focusing on the minimum wage would almost certainly speed up the automation process. Previous evidence that minimum wage legislation does not reduce the demand for labor might not stand up against the rapidly falling cost of automating the production of goods and services.

Work, care and income to define the promotion of women's economic independence through participation in the labour force as the essence of emancipation policy.

It should also be noted that in the rural areas children enter the labour market at a very young age because they represent an additional source of income for their family.

It is astonishing to note that more than two thirds of the rural workingwomen received income of up to one quarter of a minimum wage in 2003.

MONTHLY INCOME IN MINIMUM WAGES

income from the occupation(s) performed, by sex (percentages), 1991

Thus, if in 1992 black women received only 58 of the income earned by white women, ten years later the situation is practically the same, with rural black working women receiving 56 of what rural white working women receive.

Chinese officials hope that higher household incomes will boost consumer spending, as the tightening labor market causes wages to rise and as urbanization shifts workers from low productivity farm work to higher wage employment in the cities.

From representative surveys and labour office registers it appears that the number of youth in the age group 15 17 seeking work as a source of income is decreasing.

The programme stimulates the New Labour Culture to promote labour by the attainment of decent and well paid conditions of employment for society as a whole.

The labour market is characterized by a labour supply which is continuing to grow rapidly with an influx of young people of working age estimated at 12,000 persons per year.

In contrast, women's participation in the labor force has increased, apparently due to the decrease in household incomes and the need to add a second income to the household.

To improve the capacity of ILO constituents (Governments and employers' and workers' organizations), ILO provides technical advice on the inclusion of gender related questions in the context of data collection surveys.

I work for the factory, the income tax, and the insurance already.

29. Some 14.8 million people inhabit rural areas, of whom 41 per cent are wage earners, 39 per cent work in agriculture (29 per cent of them on their own farms) and 20 per cent living on unearned sources of income (pensioners, etc.).

One report from the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare has not yet been received.

For example, the International Labour Organization (ILO) is providing specific research inputs and taking the lead on violence against working children.

The Building Independence Strategy includes eight diverse income support programs aimed at assisting low income families to move from social assistance into the labour market.

It was suggested that labour mobility should be a part of the liberalization agenda.