This is actually a patient who was presented with a deceased organ, and we then created one of these smart biomaterials, and then we then used that smart biomaterial to replace and repair that patient's structure.

It's a really expensive organ to run.

Every mental organ addressed. It really is.

Now this is somebody who is brain dead, legally dead, definitely checked out, but is being kept alive on a respirator, so that their organs will be oxygenated for transplantation.

Five people have just been rushed into a hospital in critical condition, each requiring an organ to survive. There is not enough time to request organs from outside the hospital, but there is a healthy person in the hospital s waiting room.

There is not enough time to request organs from outside the hospital, but there is a healthy person in the hospital s waiting room. If the surgeon takes this person s organs, he will die, but the five in critical care will survive.

The kidney was indeed the first organ ever to be transplanted to the human.

So the concept here so if you do have a deceased or injured organ, we take a very small piece of that tissue, less than half the size of a postage stamp.

It's got a light organ under its eye.

This is actually a simple solid organ like the ear.

Stem cells provide hope for new beginnings small, incremental steps, cells rather than organs, repair rather than replacement.

So, we prefer organ specific cells.

The Organ Crisis

Anthony Atala See, at the end of the day, the promise of regenerative medicine is a single promise.

And every officer and man in the merchant marine is doing his bit.

B. Trafficking in organs

Again, fairly more complex organs, but by far, the most complex solid organs are actually the vascularized, highly vascularized, a lot of blood vessel supply, organs such as the heart, the liver, the kidneys.

OK, so how do you study this mysterious organ?

So, that's a challenge, not just for organs but also for tissues.

For solid organs, they're more complex because you're using a lot more cells per centimeter.

Hollow organs have a much higher degree of complexity, because you're asking these organs to act on demand.

The Great Organ Bazaar

Trafficking in organs

How are things down below? Engines and boilers still intact, sir.

They're taking you over cell for cell... atom for atom.

In 2015, the year when harvesting the organs of death row inmates was forbidden, there were 2,776 cases of organ donations from Chinese citizens upon death, and 10,057 organ transplant surgeries performed, setting a new record.

We actually take donor organs, organs that are discarded, and we then can use very mild detergents to take all the cell elements out of these organs.

And we're integrating this now with a whole era of cellular engineering, and integrating exponential technologies for essentially 3D organ printing replacing the ink with cells and essentially building and reconstructing a 3D organ.

This is actually an example several strategies to engineer solid organs.

And if possible, we'd rather use the cells from your very specific organ.

It's titled The Culture of Organs.

E. Trafficking in human organs

CERTAIN OLD ORGANS?

This is because body weight is the sum of our organs and body tissues and each organ or body part has its own regulatory (and thus partly genetic) basis. We can understand more about organ and tissue masses, for example, or fatty infiltrations in individual organs like the liver and pancreas, by focusing on the nature of each body component, rather than by relying on an overall body score.

And this is actually a very brief clip only about 30 seconds of a patient who actually received an organ.

Your body has many organs and every single organ in your body has a cell population that's ready to take over at the time of injury. It happens every day.

But what we're talking about in regenerative medicine is doing this in every organ system of the body, for tissues and for organs themselves.

3. Organ and tissue transplantation

(d) Organ and tissue transplants.

This technology affected two organs, the brain and the gut, which it actually affected.

Another technology that we've used is actually that of printing.

Huge shortage of organs, God forbid, if you need one.

But it's applicable, again, to every organ system.

An important step in combating trafficking in human organs (and tissue) was the inclusion of the removal of human organs in the definition of exploitation in article 3 (a) of the Trafficking in Persons Protocol.

So, the bladder is one such organ.