So, 10 times more bacterial cells than human cells on a human being.

Liver cells, nerve cells, pancreatic cells we still can't grow them even today.

And out in the cytoplasmic soup we have special proteins that are required for cell division that float freely in this soup in three dimensions.

We thought that maybe nitric oxide affected cell death, and how cells survive, and their resistance to other things.

And I focused my research on stem cells as a possible source for cell transplants.

Now both of these kinds of cells can make the place cells fire.

In effect, the cancer cell was forgetting it was cancer and becoming a normal cell.

We found activity in some cells called the A10 cells, cells that actually make dopamine, a natural stimulant, and spray it to many brain regions.

Serves me right for not being musical.

But if you saw this protocell, you would not confuse this with something that was actually alive.

And then the cell splits down the middle.

These glial cells become activated.

Maintain the existing activities in cell biology

And I think they'll be a new era of your own stem cell banking to have in the freezer your own cardiac cells, myocytes and neural cells to use them in the future, should you need them.

The second protocell has a different chemistry inside, and when activated, the protocells all come together and they fuse into one big one. Right?

And the other part is on the inside where it sends signals into the cell.

The second challenge was cells.

This is the way a living cell looks down a light microscope.

We then grow the cells outside the body, take the scaffold, coat the scaffold with the cells the patient's own cells, two different cell types.

And they concentrate on using cells.

If there are cells in my body that live all 80 years, as opposed to a typical, you know, couple of months?

There's another thing, which is you've got to get these genes into cells.

Sort of eavesdrop on the activity of nerve cells in the brain.

Whereas a skin cell or a liver cell, for instance, can reproduce only more skin or liver, stem cells, which are the most robust at the beginning of human development, are master cells. As a fertilized egg turns into an embryo, and then a fetus, those initial stem cells somehow show their daughter cells how to become skin, liver, eye, or bone.

So, I added these protocells together to the system, and protocell A and protocell B fused together to form a hybrid protocell AB.

For this fish, it's actually whole cells with nuclei and membranes.

This is a normal cell. This is a cancer cell.

They were, at that stage, much smaller and had an elongated shape that allowed them to slip between other cells. It came as a great surprise when we discovered that the cells giving birth to the new neurons were a type called radial glia, which were thought not to occur in adulthood and were not known to give birth to neurons.

In the lab, we micro pattern channels in the biomaterials on which we grow the cells, and this allows us to flow the cell culture media, the cells' food, through the scaffolds where we're growing the cells a lot like what you might expect from a capillary bed in the heart.

In order to preserve the human species, it would be preferable surely to use gene therapy with caution, restricting it to somatic cells (body cells excluding germ cells), to the exclusion of germ cells (i.e. the cells used for sexual reproduction).

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

We then take the cells, the vascular cells, blood vessel cells, we perfuse the vascular tree with the patient's own cells.

There's a class of cells, a fairly small cell, an inhibitory cell, that quiets its neighbors.

As cell division begins the nucleus disintegrates, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and those special proteins undergo a three dimensional sequence whereby they attach and they literally click into place end on end to form chains.

Maybe tumor cells are being disguised as skeletal muscle cells, and this is why it seems as if it is so rare.

Embryonic stem cells have occupied center stage, chiefly because of their pluripotency that is their ease in differentiating into a variety of different cell types.

Because what stem cells are they're these phenomenal cells that really have the ability to differentiate into any type of tissue.

Now grid cells are found, again, on the inputs to the hippocampus, and they're a bit like place cells.

We're made of cells and stuff between cells.

This was done in Japan and in the U.S., published at the same time, and it rebooted skin cells into stem cells, last year.

And what MyoD essentially does is, it causes cells to differentiate into muscle cells. So this compound, MyoD, has been tested on a lot of different cell types and been shown to actually convert this variety of cell types into skeletal muscle cells.

Just a preparatory injection... to get the old body cells going.

Not only can you use this to study what these cells do, what their power is in computing in the brain, but you can also use this to try to figure out well maybe we could jazz up the activity of these cells, if indeed they're atrophied.

Memory B cells turn into plasma cells, which produce wave after wave of the specific antibodies that latch onto HIV to prevent it from infecting cells, while squadrons of killer T cells seek out and destroy cells that are already HIV infected.

So, these are all the machines in a cell.