We can tell who's going to get breast cancer from the various genes.

Synesthesia runs in families, so Galton said this is a hereditary basis, a genetic basis.

Now I'm not a geneticist, so I'm not going to pretend to understand the genetics.

HIV 1 HIV 2 1 percent

Well, now he's growed and he gets his legacy.

Cancer is a genetic disease, but studies found that only a small number of cancers are genetic.

Genetics, lifestyle and environment.

You have about 30,000 genes.

We genetically engineer bacteria.

So you can actually estimate the population size based on the diversity of the genetics.

There was a manic depressive in her family, on her mother's side.

So it does seem to be that basking sharks, for some reason, have incredibly low diversity.

There's a huge amount of information about the genetics just by comparing the genetic similarity.

More than 50 years on, genes remain crucial to understanding complex diseases especially given scientists ever improving ability to alter them. The age of the gene is far from over it has simply progressed into the age of epigenetics.

This is an inherited disorder.

For several years, some couples at risk of passing a genetic disease on to their children have used in vitro fertilization, producing several embryos that can be tested for the faulty gene and implanting in the woman s uterus only those without it. Now couples are using this technique to avoid passing on genes that imply a significantly elevated risk of developing certain forms of cancer.

And now the boys and the girls get them.

This isn't a genetic disease.

Researchers often believe that their mission is to uncover new biology and genetics, and that someone else will translate them to the clinical arena. Accordingly, many geneticists have worked on big science genomics, including genome wide association studies focused on common genetic variation in the human species.

That is the genomically literate world. And that is a problem.

Four epigenetic leukemia drugs, which aim to switch the natural protective genes back on, are now on the market in the United States. More than 40 other epigenetic drugs are being developed, not only for cancer, but also for obesity and even dementia.

In fact, it's not a genomically literate world.

Is it true that our genetic heritage is almost the same as that of chimpanzees?

Within the genetic code, there are 30,000 40,000 highly organized regions called genes. Genes are the basic unit of heredity, and, unless you are an identical twin, the combination of genes inherited from your parents is unique to you.

This kind of genetically altered mosquito can help control the transmission of mosquito borne infectious diseases such as Zika, Dengue fever and Chikungunya fever.

So we can work with geneticists who understand that.

Indeed, the risk of Alzheimer s doubles if a parent or sibling has it, probably due in large part to the presence of the ApoE gene. The risk triples for Europeans who inherit a particular type of ApoE, called ε4 inheriting two copies of ε4 increases the risk roughly tenfold.

I'm afraid there might be something hereditary in this thing that could hit Doug.

Moreover, animal studies have shown that changes in stress or diet can alter the behavior and genes of future generations. As a result, it is likely that epigenetic changes can be inherited.

And I suspect most geneticists don't understand it either, but they produce the numbers.

So what sex does is it enables the individual to draw upon the genetic innovations of the whole species.

Does he take after you? I was never sick as a child.

Lots of risk factors, but there is a genetic predisposition to prostate cancer.

Those are the letters of genetic code, the 25,000 genes you've got written in your DNA.

That was a project which aimed to read one copy of the human genome.

It could have lots of bacteria, it could have more than one virus, and it certainly has host genetic material.

The terrible worry that she might have inherited something from her mother.

Now we, as humans, we store our information as DNA in our genomes and we pass this information on to our offspring.

The true promise of epigenetics has become apparent only in the last few years, as scientists ability to assess the epigenetic mechanisms in DNA which can now be measured at roughly 30 million points across the human genome has dramatically improved. Epigenetics can potentially be used to explain the root causes of many diseases that scientists have so far struggled to understand, from asthma to allergies to autism.

A compulsory medical examination for prospective couples in order to ensure the absence or causes of hereditary or contagious diseases which portend danger for the child.

This abnormal fear she has that she may inherit her mother's insanity.

It's on the X chromosome. And so in this way you can only get it from your mother.

They have very few genes, and genetic information to encode all of the traits that they carry out.

IV 8. Access to genetic resources and sharing the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources

Epigenetic inheritance occurs not only within individuals during their development it also occurs between generations individual yeast cells or bacterial cells can transmit epigenetic variations from one generation to the next, and multi cellular organisms can transmit them through their sperm and eggs. If the epigenetic state of its germ cells is altered during an organism s development, this variation can be transmitted to its descendants.