In Republika Srpska, 51.4 per cent of households are linked to city water supply, 27.7 per cent to local water supply, while wells are the drinking water source for 13.45 per cent of households.

Nourishment level of household

The relevant indicator shows that there has been an increase in the number of homes with improved water supplies, which, in the case of Guatemala, are defined as those with exclusive use of a tap, a tap shared by several homes and a public tap (outside the home).

412. Most households evaluated that their nourishment was at the average level (59.2 per cent), and 22.4 per cent that it was below the average level.

households with drinking water

UNICEF will continue to promote affordable, safe household toilets, home water treatment and improved household hygiene.

Number of households obtaining water from a distance of more than 3 km

Family violence is directly linked to the problem of poverty and the level of development mechanisms for protection against family violence.

Household water treatment can help ensure the safety of domestic water and has been shown to have a significant impact on the prevention of diarrhoea, especially in young children.

Source Household living standard Survey 1997 1998

400. The largest share of households characterized their economic situation in 1993 as average (43.1 per cent) every third household as below average (34.6 per cent) and every eighth as almost poor (12.6 per cent).

401. The biggest number of households claimed that compared to the preceding year their standard of living had dropped somewhat (38.0 per cent) 28.5 per cent of all households said that it had dropped significantly, and 29.7 per cent that it had remained at the same level.

Water quality is another key issue at the household level.

Source 2002 Household living standard Survey, General Statistic Office

Poor Table 54. Households by category of place of residence and nourishment level

402. Almost half of the households examined never had any difficulties with making payments for housing, gas, electricity and water (47.3 per cent) 37.3 per cent sometimes had difficulties and 15.4 per cent often.

Owing to limited freshwater supplies, salt water is used extensively for non domestic purposes, including firefighting and sewerage.

The households evaluating their nourishment as below the average level were those maintained on unearned income other than pensions (33.6 per cent), households with unemployed members (32.9 per cent), mothers raising children (30.9 per cent) and married couples raising four or more children (26.2 per cent).

92. Water borne diseases are on the rise, mainly because of poor water supply infrastructure (only 26 per cent of rural households have access to clean drinking water), poor sanitation conditions (only 6 per cent of rural households use latrines) and also because of certain individual behaviours.

The Family Code determined the legal status of members of a family and reflected the level of the social, economic and cultural development of the society.

Families with basic unmet needs affected by the 1992 flooding

Women are most often responsible for domestic and community water management in developing societies, being in charge of determining sources, quantity and hygienic quality.

According the living standard surveys of 2002 the smallest income and expenditure per member of a household was among families with three and more children and single parent families.

Over the same period, the shortage of piped water was reduced from 28.4 to 10 per cent, while the absence of electricity fell even more markedly from 21.8 to 4.5 per cent.

Due to limited freshwater supplies, salt water is used extensively for non domestic purposes, including firefighting and sewerage.

Focusing on sanitation, water quality and hygiene at the household level

The proportion of homes with that service rose from 68.4 per cent in 1994 to 74.6 per cent in 2002.

Only wealthy Palestinian families can afford water tanks at five times the cost of water.

Kuwait claims compensation for damage caused by pollutants from the oil well fires in Kuwait and from the oil spills on its territory and into the Persian Gulf for injuries to residents of Kuwait from mines and ordnance and for damage resulting from the exposure of many of its citizens to traumatic events and experiences during Iraq's invasion and occupation.

Child prostitution afflicts children coming from families with sub standard social levels, mostly belonging to ethnic minorities.

The National Target Program on Hunger Eradication and Poverty Reduction has helped improve living conditions of many households.

Number of households

Breaks in the drinking water supply are faced by 41.6 per cent of households (42.2 per cent in urban and 41.1 per cent in rural areas).

(c) In a location where physical security can be guaranteed

In Kenya, female headed households are more likely to have inadequate water and sanitation.

Meanwhile, households appear to have exhausted their coping strategies, and by the end of 2004 only 17 per cent of the West Bank households were found to be capable of withstanding the adverse conditions for more than one year, compared with around 33 per cent in Gaza.

The basic objective of the programme is to improve the nutritional standards of households living in poverty, living in marginal rural areas, which are not receiving the benefits of other food programmes of the Federal Government.

This will help families to plan their futures and have the ability to maintain their levels of living in the face of unexpected and catastrophic events within the family.

395. Most of the households examined evaluated their economic situation as medium (56.5 per cent).

Fierce competition for a shrinking water resources base is resulting in over extraction for industry and agriculture, falling groundwater levels and failing domestic water sources.

Sixty per cent of Palestinian families currently depended on water distributed from tankers, which consumed 17 to 40 per cent of the household income in the summer months. In some cases, because of checkpoints and closures, water tankers were not always able to reach villages and, as a result, some communities had been without water for several days.

UNICEF will accordingly support programmes that promote improved systems and technologies for the treatment of water at the household level, relying chiefly on household investment and initiative.

Palestinian households living behind the Barrier have depleted their coping strategies.

(d) Availability of services many indigenous households lack basic services such as drinking water and electricity.

All 64 settlements are provided with potable water for domestic consumption and other uses by the communities.