Such internationalisation has also helped strengthen managerial and marketing expertise and market access.

MARKET DOMINATION

Item 4 Market access, market entry and competitiveness

Market access

Non agricultural market access

C. Market access issues

A. Market access conditions

A. Market access issues

A. Improving market access

Market discipline, whereby troubled firms had the option of declaring bankruptcy, must be reinforced by regulation, supervision and standard setting.

2. Market access and entry conditions

Non agricultural market access

A. Market access conditions 10 20

A. Market access issues 30 36

A. Improving market access 47 53

2. Market access and entry conditions 16 23

2. Market access and entry conditions 35 39

2. Market access and entry conditions 60 65

2. Market access and entry conditions 76 86

Market access, road services and natural resource management must also be developed.

This note focuses on selected trade and environment issues that have received considerable attention in the international debate, as well as in UNCTAD's work since UNCTAD XI.

Moreover, these regulations pose special difficulties for small and medium sized businesses in entering the international marketplace.

Market access Tariffs and non tariff barriers

(d) Improve access to energy markets

And, yes, financial markets require close supervision and regulation. But what is true of financial markets need not be true of other markets.

Therefore, market access for our exports, preferably under concessionary terms, at least for a specific period, would accelerate the recovery process.

Other market access conditions also play an important role.

Assisting developing countries to gain access to export markets.

Market access, for instance, was an important factor.

Policies and regulatory frameworks, as well as any regulatory reform, would follow different objectives in relation to these two segments.

The Doha Development Round has to promote improved market access.

Such a mechanism should be able to monitor and ensure surveillance of capital markets and international financial operations.

Like all markets, the EU s Single Market is a political construct that relies on common rules, regulations, and conventions for stability and reliability. Returning to national governments rule making powers that could be used to impose criteria aimed at excluding others would endanger the entire market.

In the years to come, the negotiation of reductions of access barriers in foreign markets will, on the part of developing countries, increasingly require concessions providing freer access to their own markets.

Such access would also require market liberalization for movement of natural persons involved in the distribution services.

Such negotiations tend to result in deeper market access and higher regulatory standards than negotiations at the multilateral level, and therefore could have implications for developing countries.

They required access to markets to help them achieve development objectives.

Another tool was the Market Access Map, a database on market access barriers, developed to enhance transparency and to support international marketing and trade promotion.

Indeed, perhaps the most important lesson learned in the aftermath of the collapse of Lehman Brothers is that we can no longer afford to examine problems in terms of individual institutions and from regulatory silos. The global economy s high degree of interconnectivity, interdependence, and complex feedback mechanisms imply that one weak hub can bring down the entire system.

The degree of market access commitments in trade in services varies considerably.

To reduce the risk of runs in derivatives markets, regulators around the world are poised to require that derivatives trades be carried out through clearinghouses or exchanges. The clearinghouses will have many advantages, but not as many as regulators might think.

Market access

Stressing the need for increased access to markets, in particular for goods and services that are of export interest to developing countries, inter alia, through multilateral trade negotiations,

18. Recognizes also the need to address market access for developing countries, including in agriculture, services and non agricultural products, in particular those of interest to developing countries

14. Recognizes the need to address market access for developing countries, including in respect of agriculture, services and non agricultural products, in particular those of interest to developing countries