And what I'm going to show you here is stem cells being removed from the hip of a patient.

The hope is that this gets more stem cells out, which translates to better outcomes.

And I focused my research on stem cells as a possible source for cell transplants.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

But adult stem cells are not embryonic stem cells.

So I've studied a lot about stem cells embryonic stem cells are particularly powerful.

This is a stem cell that we've developed here in Oxford, from an embryonic stem cell.

In this case, at the end of the bypass operation, you're going to see the stem cells from the patient that were removed at the beginning of the procedure being injected directly into the heart of the patient.

That's all stem cells.

Adult stem cells are throughout our body, including the blood forming stem cells in our bone marrow, which we've been using as a form of stem cell therapy for over 40 years.

And we found, to our surprise, that we not only got bone marrow out, but we got 10 times the stem cell activity in the marrow from the Marrow Miner, compared to the normal device.

Stem Cell Obscurantism

The Stem Cell Race Continues

They discovered that adult cells, taken from you and me, could be reprogrammed back into embryonic like cells, which they termed IPS cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells.

And we got, again, about three to six times more stem cells than the standard approach done on the same patient.

Or we can use cells alone, either your very own cells or different stem cell populations.

There go the cells.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

Plus we have stem cells.

If we cannot use stem cells from your body then we'd like to use donor stem cells.

You all know about embryonic stem cells.

Embryonic stem cells have occupied center stage, chiefly because of their pluripotency that is their ease in differentiating into a variety of different cell types.

These are female and male stem cells.

We've talked about stem cells tonight.

You see the cells coming back out.

So we hypothesized that female stem cells might be better at identifying the injury, doing some cellular repair or even producing new organs, which is one of the things that we're trying to do with stem cell therapy.

But still ways to go to get stem cells into patients, in terms of actual therapies for organs.

And we're working a lot with the stem cells that we published on two years ago, stem cells from the amniotic fluid, and the placenta, which have those properties.

The second protocell has a different chemistry inside, and when activated, the protocells all come together and they fuse into one big one. Right?

And they concentrate on using cells.

And at that time, stem cell research had gained momentum, following the isolation of the world's first human embryonic stem cells in the 1990s.

And for those we still need stem cells.

But where is stem cell therapy really going?

And some of our investigative teams have demonstrated that female stem cells and this is in animals and increasingly we're showing this in humans that female stem cells, when put even into a male body, do better than male stem cells going into a male body.

Whereas a skin cell or a liver cell, for instance, can reproduce only more skin or liver, stem cells, which are the most robust at the beginning of human development, are master cells. As a fertilized egg turns into an embryo, and then a fetus, those initial stem cells somehow show their daughter cells how to become skin, liver, eye, or bone.

And in the measure that we learn how chickens grow wings, and what the program is for those cells to differentiate, one of the things we're going to be able to do is to stop undifferentiated cells, which you know as cancer, and one of the things we're going to learn how to do is how to reprogram cells like stem cells in such a way that they express bone, stomach, skin, pancreas.

It's a great source of stem cells.

Stem cells are packed in that liposuction fluid.

And I think they'll be a new era of your own stem cell banking to have in the freezer your own cardiac cells, myocytes and neural cells to use them in the future, should you need them.

But the moral controversy surrounding embryonic stem cells the fact that these cells are derived from five day old human embryos has encouraged research into other types of stem cells.

At first when I heard of cancer stem cells, I didn't really know how to put the two together. I'd heard of stem cells, and I'd heard of them as the panacea of the future the therapy of many diseases to come in the future, perhaps.

The Sino US stem cell project will be officially put into operation at the end of the year.

We also have adult stem cells throughout our body.

They were, at that stage, much smaller and had an elongated shape that allowed them to slip between other cells. It came as a great surprise when we discovered that the cells giving birth to the new neurons were a type called radial glia, which were thought not to occur in adulthood and were not known to give birth to neurons.

Because what stem cells are they're these phenomenal cells that really have the ability to differentiate into any type of tissue.