And what I'm going to show you here is stem cells being removed from the hip of a patient.

The hope is that this gets more stem cells out, which translates to better outcomes.

And I focused my research on stem cells as a possible source for cell transplants.

The second protocell has a different chemistry inside, and when activated, the protocells all come together and they fuse into one big one. Right?

And they concentrate on using cells.

For this fish, it's actually whole cells with nuclei and membranes.

And we found, to our surprise, that we not only got bone marrow out, but we got 10 times the stem cell activity in the marrow from the Marrow Miner, compared to the normal device.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

We then take the cells, the vascular cells, blood vessel cells, we perfuse the vascular tree with the patient's own cells.

Each cell in the body contains DNA, which is responsible for producing the proteins that are necessary for a cell s functioning. Though all cells in the body have the same DNA, only a subset of the genes encoded by the DNA is expressed in each cell type, thus accounting for the difference between, say, a skin cell, a liver cell, and a brain cell.

There's a class of cells, a fairly small cell, an inhibitory cell, that quiets its neighbors.

In this case, at the end of the bypass operation, you're going to see the stem cells from the patient that were removed at the beginning of the procedure being injected directly into the heart of the patient.

We're made of cells and stuff between cells.

So, I added these protocells together to the system, and protocell A and protocell B fused together to form a hybrid protocell AB.

This is a normal cell. This is a cancer cell.

My body's an accumulation of ideas too the idea of skin cells, the idea of brain cells, the idea of liver cells.

And out in the cytoplasmic soup we have special proteins that are required for cell division that float freely in this soup in three dimensions.

And if you record from several grid cells shown here in different colors each one has a grid like firing pattern across the environment, and each cell's grid like firing pattern is shifted slightly relative to the other cells.

And we got, again, about three to six times more stem cells than the standard approach done on the same patient.

Or we can use cells alone, either your very own cells or different stem cell populations.

We then grow the cells outside the body, take the scaffold, coat the scaffold with the cells the patient's own cells, two different cell types.

And the other part is on the inside where it sends signals into the cell.

A windpipe cell already knows it's a windpipe cell.

In effect, the cancer cell was forgetting it was cancer and becoming a normal cell.

They discovered that adult cells, taken from you and me, could be reprogrammed back into embryonic like cells, which they termed IPS cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells.

In order to preserve the human species, it would be preferable surely to use gene therapy with caution, restricting it to somatic cells (body cells excluding germ cells), to the exclusion of germ cells (i.e. the cells used for sexual reproduction).

And place cells also get this kind of path integration input from a kind of cell called a grid cell.

The immune cells developed into the tolerance promoting cells.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

We thought that maybe nitric oxide affected cell death, and how cells survive, and their resistance to other things.

Cells?

You can see collections and configurations of large and small cells in clusters and various places.

And what MyoD essentially does is, it causes cells to differentiate into muscle cells. So this compound, MyoD, has been tested on a lot of different cell types and been shown to actually convert this variety of cell types into skeletal muscle cells.

But she also found osteocytes, which are the cells that laid down the bones.

But adult stem cells are not embryonic stem cells.

These are support cells astrocytes glia.

So, 10 times more bacterial cells than human cells on a human being.

And in our lab, we are focused on taking fat and reprogramming mounds of fat into fountains of youthful cells cells that we may use to then form other, more specialized, cells, which one day may be used as cell transplants.

And they will either enter into this so called cellular suicide, programmed cell death, or they will form unhealthy daughter cells and enter into apoptosis once they have divided.

Watch when these two large protocells, the hybrid ones, fuse together.

Liver cells, nerve cells, pancreatic cells we still can't grow them even today.

And we're integrating this now with a whole era of cellular engineering, and integrating exponential technologies for essentially 3D organ printing replacing the ink with cells and essentially building and reconstructing a 3D organ.

Now both of these kinds of cells can make the place cells fire.

So you may not only have car cells, you may have Aston Martin cells.

What I want to talk about today is this particular cell, or grouping of cells, that is in each and every one of us.