(b) Research and development on advanced low or non emission vehicles and

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Debits where emissions are larger than removals on a unit of land.

Credits where removals are larger than emissions on a unit of land.

Industrial waste is often discharged into Palestinian land without treatment.

Airborne emissions of pollutants can lead to damage at large distances from the emission source.

GHG emitters will have incentives to make emission reductions that cost less at the margin than the price of a permit and to invest in technological development so as to abate more cheaply in the future.

Medium for fugitive fue emissions..

FCCC SBI 2005 4 Arrangements for intergovernmental meetings.

a Estimated considering air travel to generate 98.5 per cent of emissions from total transport and transport to generate 97.5 per cent of total emissions.

Green carbon, which is the deforestation and agricultural emissions, and blue carbon together comprise 25 percent of our emissions.

As methodologies develop, both nationally and internationally, the collection of data improves (emission factors, activity data and methods) and new emission sources are included.

A similar trend is evident with respect to CH4 emissions.

A similar trend is evident with respect to CH4 emissions.

Since the emissions resulting from these activities depend on local circumstances, and make up a large proportion of the national emissions of non Annex I Parties, such Parties should make efforts to obtain field observation data to decrease the uncertainties associated with the inventory of these emissions, taking into account the further development of the IPCC methodology.

The effluent from the fishponds is also used, mostly in paddy fields which are dotted around the outer reaches of the marshes.

An ETS depends on measurement of national emission totals, which presently appears to be adequate only for energy related CO2 emissions.

ZERI Zero Emissions Research Initiative

Omissions and exclusions of some sources do affect the comparability.

Emissions in the transport sector are expected to increase 46 per cent by 2000 and 78 per cent by 2010, while in electricity production they may grow by 35 per cent by 2000, even when the increased share of natural gas is factored in.

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The inventory data presented in the communication also estimate emissions of CO2 and CH4 from wetland drainage at 9,750 Gg, while CO2 emissions from forests and land use change amounted to about 3,400 Gg.

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For example, garbage discharge, something you would think just simply goes away, but the laws regulating ship discharge of garbage actually get weaker the further you are from shore.

Policies and measures targeted at N2O emissions, however, are expected to achieve virtually all of their emission reductions by 2000.

Trading, banking and borrowing are seen as providing flexibility to emission sources in meeting their compliance obligations.

ratio of actual to sustainable discharges

Parties should have maximum flexibility in implementing their obligations and to this end should have the right to avail themselves of opportunities for reductions that may arise from different mechanisms regarding timing, for example, budgets and multi year targets and baselines, and location, for example credited joint implementation and emissions trading. ARTICLE 4.2(a) and (b)

Smaller and less dense urban areas may have fewer transport emissions but more domestic and industrial emissions due to lack of regulation or inability to replace old and inefficient equipment.

But what we're missing is also some other emissions like black carbon, that is soot.

Emissions

If an N2O emission factor from road transport needs to be replaced, increased use of catalytic converters leading to increased emission factors should be taken into account when calculating an adjustment.

If an N2O emission factor from road transport needs to be replaced, increased use of catalytic converters leading to increased emission factors should be taken into account when calculating an adjustment.

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A similar trend is evident with respect to CH4 emissions.

For CH4 emissions, underground and surface oil shale mining and operations in oil and natural gas distribution systems account for 67 per cent of total emissions, with agriculture contributing 19 per cent from enteric fermentation and animal waste and the waste sector about 13 per cent.

(c) To make projections of GHGs in a more consistent manner and

He observed that Annex I Parties had contributed 75 per cent of global emissions in 1985 and would continue to produce the majority of global emissions for the next 15 to 20 years.

In that year, 2,328 Gg of CH4 were emitted, as were 67 Gg of N2O, 553 Gg of NOx, 2,337 Gg of CO and 529 Gg of NMVOCs.

Emission right, also known as dumping right , means the right to discharge pollutants. It refers to the right for emitters to discharge pollutants to the environment in line with the law within the quota assigned by the government.

Some stressed the need to develop a comprehensive energy balance to help compute GHG emissions in the energy sector on a continuous basis, and a few pointed out the need to link the energy balance with GHG emissions methodologies such that data changes in the energy balance are automatically reflected in the GHG emissions values.

Developed countries will be able to commit to reducing their emissions by 80 versus 1990 by mid century, as many have already done, and provide the necessary financial and technology support for developing countries adaptation and mitigation efforts. With that support, developing countries in turn will need to design and implement Low Carbon Growth Plans that significantly slow and eventually peak their emissions growth.

With that support, developing countries in turn will need to design and implement Low Carbon Growth Plans that significantly slow and eventually peak their emissions growth. By making these commitments, the MEF leaders, whose countries account for more than three quarters of global emissions, would lay a firm foundation for success in Copenhagen.

By contrast, ETS requires the imposition of an emissions cap and focuses on national emission totals.

With respect to air quality, a number of steps have been taken to reduce emissions, such as introduction of fees on emissions of nitrogen oxides and stricter requirements on emissions from industrial activities.