Acquiring technological capacities involves time, effort, cost and risk, as well as complex interactions among firms and between firms and institutions.

The leave is calculated cumulatively and is given to the woman in its entirety, regardless of the number of days actually used before the birth, with payment of pregnancy and maternity benefits for those time periods at the employer's expense, regardless of how long the woman has worked in the organization.

(e) Pay The enterprise must remunerate the worker for the time spent on the job in the firm, while the National Employment Fund pays for the time spent on training

The beginning of joint ventures abroad by manufacturing SMEs can be traced back to two different time periods depending on the size of firms (medium sized versus small enterprises).

At that time, many businesses were looted.

These consequences have led to a situation where SMEs have been massively destroyed or are continually losing ground in terms of their competitiveness, giving rise to a missing or declining middle in the enterprise structure in these countries, accompanied by a corresponding expansion of the micro enterprise or survival sectors of the economy.

Important opportunities for innovation and for upgrading the technological capacity of enterprises can be seen in various emerging forms of cooperation among firms and between firms and R amp D institutions.

The following is the view of an employer on the placement of female trainees in his company

I'm a corporate lawyer most of the time for an organization called Enablis that supports entrepreneurs in South Africa.

Indian enterprises have been investing abroad for a long time, but it is only in recent years that Indian OFDI has become more notable.

A dynamic civil society and the active role of the Association of Businesswomen and heads of enterprises had also been noted.

Promotion of inter firm cooperation

20. Approximately 200 small business operations were severely affected by the volcanic crisis.

International competitiveness among firms is in fact significantly influenced by the national environments in which firms operate.

Between one fourth and one half of the worktime should be spent on training, although the time spent on training may either be concentrated or alternated with the actual work in the firm

In employment creation, employment development strategies should take into account the role of self employment, entrepreneurship, small and medium sized enterprises and the informal sector.

Through these acquisitions, leading SINTNCs aimed to gain access to firm specific competencies in the target firms that often take time to develop in house.

For Asian SMEs, the period from establishment to first international activity is 0.7 years, compared with 3.9 years for large firms (UNCTAD 1998).

Chris and Bill have volunteered their time to use operations and partnerships.

Further, measures of liberalization and structural adjustment may be inimical to enterprise development and survival if domestic enterprises are not given time to adjust, together with measures to facilitate their adjustment, including access to essential inputs.

Experience shows that the development of subcontracting arrangements between large firms and SMEs can give an incentive for large firms to provide financial, technical and other assistance to SMEs.

As a group, OECD countries also show high proportions of Internet access by enterprises, although differences persist among them as well as between SMEs and large enterprises.

But unfortunately, it was at that time... that the final chapter of our enterprise was being written.

In 1994, there were 2,188 registered businesses in the Territory, a drop of 3.8 per cent from 1993, of which retail trade accounted for 874, wholesale trade for 281, service establishments for 480 and transportation for 356 businesses.

However, in most developing countries, business registration takes a long time and is costly.

A project for inter firm linkages in Brazil was developed and funding secured.

One or more enterprises which already control at least one enterprise directly or indirectly acquire total or partial control of one or more enterprises

60. Support programmes should be designed to help promote inter firm linkages among SMEs and between them and larger firms so as to improve skills, business information and production, marketing and sales opportunities of SMEs through inter firm and market networks.

53. Governments can promote inter firm cooperation.

Although a large Japanese industrial concern, it...

49. Although enterprises support agencies have been in existence in many countries for some time, their impact on new business formation and the survival and growth of existing firms has often been limited.

14. National, regional and or local SME development strategies must take into account both the direct and indirect impacts of policy on SME development.

In the perceived absence of local entrepreneurs who might take over previously state owned enterprises, the emphasis has increasingly been on attracting new high risk capital from foreign mining companies.

Nearly half of the unemployed in the US, for example, have now been out of work for six months or longer, up from the traditional median unemployment duration of just 10 weeks. The long term unemployed will be much slower to be hired as the economy recovers than those who have been out of work for a much shorter period of time.

Remuneration for work outside normal hours in an establishment or in other place designated by an employer (if he has not been granted compensatory time off)

The huge supply capacity of dominant players in all segments of tourism, including transporters, GDS, tour operators, travel agencies and hotels, allows them to prepare holiday packages and retail them through their own business networks, as well as to impose prices and conditions on suppliers in tourism destinations.

In the interim, the legal framework for cooperation was prepared and the Andean multinational enterprise, Andesat, was established, comprising 44 companies based in the region.

The resulting trend is towards oligopolistic competition and growing intra firm and inter firm competition.

A coherent programme is therefore needed, as part of an enterprise development strategy, to develop a critical mass of domestic enterprises in the middle range, including through the growing of enterprises from micro to small and from small to medium sized.

6. The possible conflicts of interest between large firms and SMEs and the tendency for government dialogue with the business sector to be dominated by the interests of large firms represent a common problem.

These results were for large businesses, since micro and small businesses were mostly unaware of the programme (62 per cent to date).

Women microentrepreneurs received 25 per cent of the loans, while microentrepreneurs under 28 years of age received 24 per cent.

Opening or maintaining a dialogue between the Government and enterprises was an important measure favouring the growth of enterprises.

Those in small businesses can't get the capital they need to expand and those in microbusiness can't grow out of them.

A Roster of Good Practices in the Promotion of Business Linkages was prepared, outlining practical steps on how to initiate and develop linkages between foreign and local firms.