(a) Endorsement of the International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources

International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) patterns of genetic diversity in wild forage species in situ conservation in the Sahel region to monitor vegetation change over years strategies for in situ conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources in desert prone areas of Africa in situ conservation of agricultural biodiversity.

At the end of 1991, they successfully pressed for the adoption of annex III to the Undertaking. The annex stated that the Undertaking's heritage of mankind concept was subject to the sovereignty of the states over their plant genetic resources and that nations have sovereign rights over their plant genetic resources.

9. Invites countries to consider ratifying or acceding to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

The Convention broadly defines genetic material as any material of plant, animal, microbial or other origin containing functional units of heredity and genetic resources as genetic material of actual or potential value (art. 2).

(b) Endorsement of and enhanced support to the Global Plan of Action for the Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture and the Global System for the Management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources

(a) Traditional lands, waters including historical, sacred and spiritual sites natural resources, including genetic resources, such as seeds, medicines and plants

In 2001, the FAO Council had adopted the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.

Invites countries to consider ratifying or acceding to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

Although the Undertaking applied only to plant genetic resources, an area in which the concept of a global genetic commons was especially strong, all genetic material had traditionally been viewed as part of a global commons.

It currently coordinates 7 research networks and assists about 30 capacity building projects for integrating modern techniques into national plant breeding and conservation programmes, with a view to characterizing plant genetic resources, widening plant genetic diversity and introducing agronomically and commercially useful traits.

Access to genetic resources

13. The FAO representative referred to the International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources which had been adopted by the Conference of FAO in 1983.

IV 8. Access to genetic resources and sharing the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources

He spoke of individual and collective rights, and underlined that plant genetic resources had been developed over a long time by countless individuals and communities as a collective resource.

In harmony with the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Treaty sought to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits derived from the use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture.

The sea offers other economically valuable benefits to be exploited, such as genetic and biological resources.

It recognized the significant contribution that local and indigenous communities had made, and could continue to make, to the conservation and development of plant genetic resources.

He also spoke about the negotiating process in meetings related to plant genetic resources and considered that indigenous and non governmental organizations needed to participate in such gatherings.

The Convention on Biological Diversity begins its discussion of genetic resources by proclaiming not the common heritage of such resources, but rather the sovereignty of nations over them.

In relation to access to natural resources including biological resources, genetic resources and or traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples, leading to possible exploration, development or use thereof.

Mr. Markus Lehmann, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) stressed that, under the CBD, access to genetic resources can be granted in exchange for access to, and transfer of, technology that makes use of those genetic resources.

The basic genetic resources which we used for modern food production were domesticated thousands of years ago by indigenous communities modern plant varieties drew upon their work and the genetic material in their fields.

The Special Rapporteur apos s draft principles and guidelines were very much in line with the activities being undertaken by the FAO apos s intergovernmental Commission on Plant Genetic Resources.

The Technical Cooperation Network on Plant Biotechnology in Latin America and the Caribbean was established in 1990 to accelerate the adaptation, generation, transfer and application of plant biotechnology in relieving crop production constraints and in ensuring genetic resources conservations for the countries in the region.

All the genetic information for future generations of plants are held in seeds.

The Government had taken a number of measures to implement its national sustainable development strategy and to strengthen the legislative framework to protect threatened species of flora and fauna, genetic resources and indigenous knowledge.

By 1992, the concept of a global commons or open system for genetic resources began to be forgotten.

In particular, FAO Conference Resolution 5 89 of 29 November 1989 recognized Farmers apos Rights as rights arising from the past, present and future contributions of farmers in conserving, improving and making available plant genetic resources, particularly those in the centres of origin diversity .

Several Parties referred to the need for protection of forest areas, through targeting forests under stress, forest expansion, for example through development of appropriate plantations, and the preservation of genetic resources and biological diversity.

We also recognize the need to address the issue of genetic resources.

Genetics, Natural Resource

(d) Biodiversity to build representative systems of terrestrial and marine reserves, advance the development of the Convention on Biological Diversity programme of work on island biodiversity and facilitate access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of their utilization agreed

(d) Genetic resources beyond areas of national jurisdiction

The field surveys have been prepared on water, mineral and plant resources and indigenous African food crops.

Patents will not be granted for genetic material as found in nature, such as a gene in a plant or a fish.

Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture( CGRFA) Rome 8th Session, April 1999 9th Session, October 2002 lst Meeting of the (CGRFA) acting as the Interim Committee for the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food Agriculture.

The traditional view that genetic resources formed part of the global commons was eroded by the extension of patents to living organisms and later to genetic material.

The most recent meeting of the Commission on Plant Genetic Resources, held in December 1996, was part of these intergovernmental negotiations, at which new proposals had been made to strengthen the implementation of Farmers Rights.

The FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture has been preparing an international code of conduct on biotechnology.

In the area of animal production and health, work is being done on improving reproductive efficiency, characterizing indigenous animal genetic resources and the diagnostics and treatment of contagious bovine diseases.

24. Reference was also made to guideline 26 and in particular to the notions of ex situ and in situ collections of plant genetic material.

In the measure that you have the code and the measure that you read it and, by the way, the first plant was read two years ago the first human was read two years ago the first insect was read two years ago.

Drugstore Geneticist

There is a growing interest for bioprospecting for deep seabed genetic resources.