Even where the products reach the intended targets, failure by communities to trade in biotechnology products could limit the impact of biotechnology.

In agriculture and the agro industry, biotechnology could facilitate the development of improved crops and new products and contribute toward improving production.

Biotechnology may offer alternative production systems of plant products by either boosting levels of the desired ingredient(s) in the plant or improving the efficient recovery and quality of final product.

Biotechnology related applications and products have permeated all sectors of the economy.

97. UNU INTECH research has continued to examine the variety of production spinoffs of technology institutes in China.

The technology needed to produce them is not complex, and they could be easily produced locally.

The production of safer and more disease resistant products and the application of biotechnology to produce functional foods , which reduce blood sugar levels and lower the risk of heart disease, is another promising area.

The Subcommittee also noted that products of space biotechnology, such as pharmaceutical and medical instruments, could contribute to improved health care.

Plant biotechnology is an important source of renewable fuels, degradable plastics, rubbers, adhesives and other products derived from fossil fuels, which can play a central role in the production of pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, industrial enzymes and other products.

The Technical Cooperation Network on Plant Biotechnology in Latin America and the Caribbean was established in 1990 to accelerate the adaptation, generation, transfer and application of plant biotechnology in relieving crop production constraints and in ensuring genetic resources conservations for the countries in the region.

Production technology

As a technical arm, it is clearly in a position to closely collaborate with other agencies in fields such as innovation development, biosafety, technology transfer, investment strategies and management, including the development, acquisition and commercialization of biotechnology products, services and industrial processes, as well as in global bioinformatics networking.

Another study, The new bioeconomy Industrial and environmental biotechnology in developing countries (see UNCTAD DITC TED 12) was published in 2002 to highlight the application and commercialization of industrial biotechnology products in some developing countries and the role trade plays in technology transfer and development.

(d) Transfer of a new technology, including training, to local producers enabling them to produce and maintain the new product

UNCTAD also organized several science and technology policy dialogues to address issues related to the development, commercialization and trade in biotechnology related products.

The Subcommittee also noted that products of space biotechnology, such as pharmaceutical and medical instruments, could contribute to improved health care.

Equally, the foregoing observation holds true for other manufactured items, information and communication technology (ICT) products in particular, medical equipment, vaccines and biologicals.

E. Biotechnology This section was authored by Raymond A. Zilinskas, Associate Professor, Center for Public Issues in Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Maryland, United States of America.

Consequently, there is a need to improve technological capabilities and draw on R amp D for the adaptation of imported technology and its utilization in product development efforts and production activities.

Studies in the sphere of space technology and the physics of weightlessness were directed towards the production under microgravity conditions of new organic and inorganic materials and the refinement of the technologies and equipment required for their production, including commercial production.

The information technology industry alone accounted for 2.6 per cent of India's gross domestic product (GDP), whilst IT goods and services accounted for 21 per cent of the country's exports.

Hydroponic techniques produce cannabis crops with high yield, and there have been reports of several strains of cannabis with a high THC content.

and on precursors and chemicals frequently used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.Precursors and Chemicals Frequently Used in the Illicit Manufacture of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 1996 on the Implementation of Article 12 of the United Nations Convention against illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.97.XI.4).

ICGEB International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

(b) Industrial applications of spin offs from space technologies.

(iii) Development of the products of technological research and innovation

UNEP has taken the lead in this programme area, having focused on biosafety by promoting the protection of the environment through the safe application of biotechnology and its products.

Biotechnological experiments

3. Panel on biotechnology.

What kind of export control do you have in place to prevent the above targets from obtaining the items and technology necessary for weapons development and production?

General description Information and communication technologies (ICTs), biotechnology and hydrogen energy technologies are major technological revolutions currently underway, which are bound to have a powerful effect on economic development in the years to come.

The production of high quality forest products for international markets can require significant investment in advanced technology.

Cooperation was the key to maximize the benefits of products and services derived from space technology.

Now, this tech incorporates three big elements.

Food hygiene supervisors shall be obliged to keep confidential any technical data provided by the producers or marketers.

The TRIPS Agreement obliges World Trade Organization members to make available patents for any invention, whether product or process, in all fields of technology, including biotechnology (article 27, para. 1), with the exception of essentially biological reproduction processes of plants and animals (article 27, para. 3 (b)).

The good news is that the same technology that allowed miniaturization of electronics is now allowing us to miniaturize biological laboratories.

Safe production technologies are needed.

It was also recommended that the EU should provide appropriate technical assistance to allow developing country producers to use the technology for substitutes effectively.

E. Biotechnology

Safe applications of biotechnology have the potential to benefit almost all productive sectors.

At present, space industry enterprises are converting their production capacities to civilian uses for turning out world standard high technology competitive products relying, among other things, on space technology.

The United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies undertakes research on biotechnology policy assessment, in particular on best practices by selected Asian countries biotechnology industrial development policies, with a view to developing a medium to long term prospectus on biotechnology development in the Asian region and an assessment of ongoing capacity building initiatives worldwide in the areas of biotechnology and biosafety.

What kind of export control do you have in place to prevent the above targets from obtaining the items and technology necessary for weapons development and production?

Secondly, the products of these semi and low skilled workers must have access to markets.