14. Methaqualone global seizures, 1983 1994 13

Substances used in the illicit manufacture of methaqualone

Difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, and 1,1,1,2 tetrafluoroethane

Dichlorodifluoromethane and difluoroethane azeotropic mixture with approximately 74 dichlorodifluoromethane (Refrigerant gas R 500)

15. Depressants other than methaqualone global seizures, 1983 1994 14

However, the trafficking in methaqualone precursors would be less prevalent if the main source of methaqualone in the illicit traffic were diversion from licit channels.

Difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, and 1,1,1,2 tetrafluoroethane azeotropic mixture with approximately 23 difluoromethane

azeotropic mixture with approximately 20 difluoromethane

azeotropic mixture with approximately 10 difluoromethane

33. Seizures of methaqualone were reported by only a relatively small number of countries.

Acetic anhydride is used in the illicit manufacture of heroin and methaqualone.

Difluoromethane (Refrigerant gas R 32)

While the remainder of the world accounted for only 2 per cent of the methaqualone seized worldwide, methaqualone trafficking by region may provide a better picture of the situation.

VII. Methaqualone global seizures and seizures in India, 1986 1995 12

Bromotrifluoromethane (Refrigerant gas R 13B1)

Chlorine Not Allowed Chlorodifluoromethane (Refrigerant gas R 22)

Chloropentafluoroethane (Refrigerant gas R 115)

1 Chloro 1,2,2,2 tetrafluoroethane (Refrigerant gas R 124)

Dichlorofluoromethane (Refrigerant gas R 21)

Cyclopropane Dichlorodifluoromethane (Refrigerant gas R 12)

Chlorodifluorobromomethane (Refrigerant gas R 12B1)

The Phillippines reported having seized 7 tonnes of methaqualone in 1994, 13 per cent of the global total.

(a) Update on illicit trafficking in ephedrine and methaqualone trends and countermeasures

Trafficking in methaqualone and other depressants appears to be more common in Africa and Asia.

However, methaqualone is known to be widely used in several countries in the region.

While there appears to have been, at the global level, an exponential increase in the weight of methaqualone reported seized in the 1990s and a surge in the amount of methaqualone and other depressants reported seized in 1994, this is concentrated among a small number of countries.

In 1994, India reported having seized 45 tonnes of methaqualone, 85 per cent of the total amount reported seized worldwide.

(a) Reducing international trafficking of existing chlorofluorocarbons and ensuring a timely phase out of methyl bromide and hydrofluorocarbons

43. Apart from acetic anhydride, the other main precursors required for the manufacture of methaqualone are anthranilic acid and N acetylanthranilic acid.

Chlorodifluoromethane and chloropentafluoroethane mixture with fixed boiling point, with approximately 49 chlorodifluoromethane (Refrigerant gas R 502)

In 1994 seizures of such depressants were reported by more countries than seizures of methaqualone.

India remains the largest illicit source of methaqualone and the country that reported the greatest volume of seizures.

35. For depressants other than methaqualone, 39 countries and territories reported seizures.

3 The anthropogenically produced greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4) nitrous oxide (N2O) hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).

At a minimum, information should be provided on the following greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).

Depressants Global seizures of methaqualone and of other depressants in the period from 1983 to 1994 are shown in figures 14 and 15 respectively.

But these two versions of bromochlorofluoromethane, they sometimes have different chemical properties.

CH4 and N2O accounted for 11 per cent and 4 per cent of total emissions, while emissions of HFCs, PFCs and SF6 taken together were 1.8 per cent of total emissions.

10. Sedative type drugs refer to barbiturates, benzodiazepines and other sedatives, for example, methaqualone.

This is a bromochlorofluoromethane, just to practice our naming a little bit.

That initiative was in response to the diversion of precursors in the region and the resultant increased manufacture of illicit drugs, particularly heroin, methamphetamine and methaqualone.

For 1995, 15 countries, mainly in east and southern Africa, reported seizures of methaqualone, as compared with 12 countries in 1994.

Namibia reported high but stable daily (1.3 per cent) and yearly (1.9 per cent) illicit consumption of methaqualone in 1995.

There has been a dramatic increase in seizures of methaqualone and other depressants, which may indicate increased trafficking in those substances.

For example, large volumes of depressants (excluding methaqualone) were reported to have been seized in 1995 by Côte d Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Mali, Mauritius and Zambia.