CA All right, so you don't support a carbon tax of any kind or a price on carbon.

In 1990, Finland was the first country to apply a CO2 tax, currently (1996) equivalent to about US 8.5 per tonne of CO2.

Climate Project, a combination of carbon taxes especially on coal and continued support for renewable power would enable China to reach its carbon emissions peak in the early to mid 2020s.

Euro for euro, dollar for dollar, yen for yen energy and carbon taxes have a lower negative impact on a nation s economy, consumption, and jobs than income tax and VAT. For example, an increase in direct taxes, such as income tax, can reduce consumption by twice as much as energy and carbon taxes that raise the same amount of revenue.

General carbon taxes are under consideration, and a shift towards taxing the use rather than the purchase of cars is foreseen.

(b) The introduction of an incentive tax on CO2

Electricity produced in these two independent markets is subject to a carbon tax, and, for households, an energy tax.

Although governments levy taxes on gasoline, they are reluctant to impose a general carbon tax because of public opposition to any form of taxation. Governments have therefore focused on a cap and trade system as a way of increasing the cost of CO2 intensive products without explicitly imposing a tax.

As more countries and companies introduce carbon pricing, the internal accounting cost of carbon emissions will rise, investments in fossil fuels will become less attractive, and investments in low carbon energy systems will become more appealing. The market signals of CO2 taxation (or the cost of CO2 emission permits) will help investors and money managers steer clear of new fossil fuel investments.

Luxembourg is a supporter of the introduction of a CO2 energy tax at the EC level, especially if implemented in the transport and residential sectors.

Put a price on carbon. We need a CO2 tax, revenue neutral, to replace taxation on employment, which was invented by Bismarck and some things have changed since the 19th century.

Part of the tax revenue should be channeled into subsidies for new low carbon energy sources like wind and solar, and to cover the costs of developing CCS. These subsidies could start fairly high and decline gradually over time, as the tax on CO2 emissions rises and the costs of new energy technologies fall with more experience and innovation.

One option would be to introduce flexible pricing, tied to the price of oil. For example, for every 5 decline in the price per barrel, the carbon tax could be raised by a specified amount for every 5 increase, the tax could be lowered by, say, two thirds of that amount.

Energy and carbon taxes on fossil fuels and on electricity have been applied in Denmark for a long time.

A CO2 excise duty on gasoline was introduced in May 1993 and stands at an average of about 27 ore litre.

Commitments shall be fulfilled individually and not through coordinated actions. CO2 and energy taxation in particular shall be ruled out.

In particular it noted that a combined carbon energy tax has been discussed and was seen as potentially effective.

And if my own country, France, has failed to set a good example to developing countries by equivocating over the terms of a carbon tax, then perhaps the time has come for its national carbon footprint to be linked with the European trading system for CO2. The sad truth, though, is that the solution of mixing quotas and taxes will not deliver results quickly enough to bring about a genuine and immediate move to low carbon or even carbon free economies.

But there is a much better strategy than tradable permits. Each region of the world should introduce a tax on CO2 emissions that starts low today and increases gradually and predictably in the future.

Some Parties referred to tax policies (e.g. carbon tax system), the restructuring of relevant institutions, encouragement of the use of hydrogen based fuels, and the introduction of small engine capacity cars that consume less energy.

The levying of a global tax on carbon use could raise some US 60 billion a year.

After all, one of the major arguments against a carbon tax has been that it would make energy more expensive. Even assurances that the revenue from such a tax would be refunded to taxpayers were inadequate to overcome political resistance, particularly in the US.

Memahami ketidakadilan yang mencolok ini juga kerusakan yang dibuatnya keadaan ini, suatu inisiatif baru, diluncurkan oleh Carbon Levy Project dan didukung oleh berbagai individu dan organisasi yang jumlahnya semakin besar, telah muncul untuk meminta kompensasi untuk negara negara berkembang yang rentan terhadap para penghasil polusi besar. Secara khusus, Carbon Levy Project mengajukan pajak di titik titik ekstraksi bahan bakar fosil.

Similarly, a modest carbon tax or value added tax, with credits or subsidies to offset the regressive effects on low income households, could generate enough revenue both to pay for a significant reduction in the corporate tax rate and to make a meaningful contribution to deficit reduction.

Energy and carbon taxes can produce less economic pain and more gain than conventional taxes can. Europe needs fiscal consolidation, reductions in carbon emissions, and a strategy for economic growth.

A common suggestion is to impose a tax on all CO2 emissions, which would be levied on companies that emit CO2 in production, or that sell products like gasoline that cause CO2 emissions when used. Such a tax would cause electricity companies and industrial firms to adopt techniques that reduce their CO2 emissions, as long as the cost of doing so is less than the tax that they would otherwise have to pay.

Commitments on adaptation in the Paris agreement would go a long way toward closing this gap. The international auctioning of emissions allowances and allowances in domestic emissions trading schemes, a carbon tax, revenues from international transport, a surcharge on electricity transmission, and financial transaction taxes could generate as much as 220 billion per year in additional revenues.

Of course, given the multitude of existing taxes, fees, and subsidies on energy products in various countries, the goal of aligning the effective cost of carbon with its most economically efficient level would take time to achieve. But introducing a modest, flexible carbon tax in major economies would be an important first step.

A number of measures to promote the use of renewable energy are in place, including subsidies of up to 30 per cent on initial investments, funded, to some extent, by revenues from carbon and energy taxes.

In short, world leaders must take advantage of falling oil prices to move beyond indirect carbon pricing achieved through the prices of carbon emitting substances to an explicit carbon tax that can help steer the world onto a more sustainable growth path. Crucially, in order to make a real impact, carbon pricing schemes would have to be introduced in all major economies.

This does not mean an increase in overall taxation, but simply a substitution in each country of a pollution (carbon) tax for some current taxes. It makes much more sense to tax things that are bad, like pollution, than things that are good, like savings and work.

You would have a fluorine, carbon, carbon, chlorine.

(b) Introduction of carbon free or low carbon energy

With a long term and predictable carbon tax and subsidy system, the world would move systematically toward low carbon energy, greater energy efficiency, and CCS. Time is short.

Introduction of carbon free or low carbon energy

The report concludes that the CDM may generate sales of 250 million tonnes of carbon dioxide reductions per year at 11 per tonne for the period of 2008 2012. A 2 levy on that amount would equal US 55 million per year (250 MtCo2 X 11 X 2 ). The report's low range estimate would generate an annual levy of 5.5 million, and its high range estimate would generate 165 million.

When the permit prices become large enough to have a significant effect on CO2 emissions, there will be political pressure to introduce tariffs on imports that offset the advantage of countries with low permit prices. Such offsetting tariffs would have to differ among products (being higher on more CO2 intensive products) and among countries (being higher for countries with low permit prices).

But carbon dioxide is carbon dioxide.

Carbon

Further progress was required with regard to the implementation of proposals such as special drawing rights and taxes on financial speculation and carbon emissions.

The strategy of increasing fuel duties by an average of at least 5 per cent above the inflation rate every year is an important measure to reduce CO2 emissions.

He also noted the call made for international cooperation on reforms such as carbon taxes and auctioning of internationally tradable emission permits.

American politicians have proved to be incapable of designing policies to shift the US to low carbon energy use. Such policies would include a rising tax on CO2 emissions, large scale research and development efforts in low carbon technologies, a shift to electric vehicles, and regulations to phase out all coal fired power plants except those that install CCS.

With international oil prices dropping by a whopping 40 per barrel since the summer this is an ideal moment for governments to introduce carbon pricing. Rather than let the consumer price of oil fall by that amount, governments should put a carbon tax in place.

Another idea is to try to raise more revenue from carbon permits or taxes. Raising funds by taxing negative externalities reduces distortions rather than creating them.