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The view was expressed that an international centre could be established with the aim of providing information and advance warning on explosions in space, fragmentation of space objects and possible collision of space objects with space debris.

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We are not aware of any special regulations governing take off and landing or the departure of space objects from airspace or their return to it.

These are startling figures. Yet, they have not made headlines like, say, a plane crash would.

(iii) Usuda Deep Space Centre

Sky Sphere

skysphere

Directly under the auspices of the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture is the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), a central institute for space and astronautical science in Japan.

As the term space object in the Convention includes such object as is launched into orbits over Earth and outer space, it is difficult to conclude that the term space object in the Convention includes the aerospace object.

According to the spatial approach, an aerospace object is deemed as an aircraft subject to air law in airspace and is deemed as a space object subject to space law in outer space.

Until special procedures about an aerospace object are prepared, the aerospace object flying in the airspace, especially in a certain State apos s territorial airspace, is considered as an aircraft and the aerospace object located in outer space is considered as a space object which is subject to space law.

(iii) Tsukuba Space Centre

(c) Usuda Deep Space Centre

Therefore, it is the space regime and not the air regime of the State through whose airspace the aerospace object passes incidentally which applies to aerospace objects.

Representatives of DLR, ESA and the Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES) of France delivered the keynote presentations.

The regime applicable to aerospace objects whether they are located in airspace or in outer space should differ since there are important differences in physical constraints and physical laws that apply in each medium.

Local governments have also strengthened their resolve to improve air quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

(i) Kagoshima Space Centre

But they were empty.

(a) Air law applies to aerospace objects moving through airspace

An aerospace object is an object which is capable both of travelling through outer space and of using its aerodynamic properties to move through airspace.

These latter objects may be under the same legal consideration as aerospace objects in outer space.

In addition, the Institute participated in studies for future ESA (STARS) and CNES (COROT) astronomy missions related to asteroseismology.

sky sphere declaration

Deep Sky Object Name

Name of space object IRS P3

Name of space object APSTAR IA

Question 4 Are aerospace objects while in airspace considered as aircraft, and

If the concept of quot aerospace objects quot is not extended to include the proposed quot space only objects quot (i.e. object with all the capabilities of aerospace objects, but not capable of flying in airspace), a regime probably similar to aerospace objects could be considered.

Agreements between CRTS and CNES (France) and between CRTS and the Indian Space Research Organization (India) are currently the subject of discussion.

In general, we agree with the suggested definition of an aerospace object, in so far as the aerospace object is performing a space mission.

(d) Sanriku Balloon Centre

National Centre for Space Applications

Aerospace objects should be regarded as aircraft in airspace and as spacecraft in space.

Within cooperation agreements FGAN provides ESA ESOC tracking radar data of high risk space objects to support European reentry predictions.

Within cooperation agreements FGAN FHP provides ESA ESOC tracking radar data for high risk space objects to support European re entry predictions.

It should be specified that an aerospace object is an object designed for operation in outer space.

Question 4 Are aerospace objects while in airspace considered as aircraft, and while in outer

It was necessary to decide whether an aerospace object was to be categorized as a space object when it was in airspace on its way to its orbit or on its return from space.

applicable to aerospace objects? 8

remain in airspace for a certain period of time?

Where necessary, catalogues of objects constituting space debris are exchanged between the Russian space monitoring system centres and the United States so that they can be compared and supplemented on a reciprocal basis.

(c) If an aerospace object were located in the airspace of a State, it would be subject to the jurisdiction of that State, whereas if it were located in international airspace, the principle of nationality would apply, that is, the jurisdiction of the State where the object was registered.

The activities are funded mainly by DARA and ESA ESOC.