II. SPACE DEBRIS MITIGATION

STEPS TAKEN BY SPACE AGENCIES FOR REDUCING THE GROWTH OR DAMAGE POTENTIAL OF SPACE DEBRIS

More people, smaller spaces, less stuff.

Measures to mitigate technogenic space pollution

Also, the United States Space Command, in its regulation 57.2, entitled quot Minimization and mitigation of space debris quot , required the assessment of the impact of design and operations measures to minimize and mitigate debris on military space systems.

Decrease in vacancy level.

The NASDA Debris Mitigation Standard and the draft Space Debris Mitigation Handbook of the European Space Agency (ESA) also strongly recommend upper stage passivation measures.

Minimization of debris released during normal operations of spacecraft and space objects

12Space Debris Mitigation Standard (in Japanese), NASDA STD 18, 28 March 1996.

Mitigation comprises reduction of the space debris population growth and protection against particulate impact.

A AC.105 620 Steps taken by space agencies for reducing the growth or damage potential of space debris

NASDA Space Debris Mitigation Standards requests mitigation measures to limit the orbital debris generated during launch, on orbit operation, and after the mission of space objects.

(a) The prevention and reduction of space debris resulting from the launch of carrier rockets

The global system of control, monitoring and reduction of technogenic pollution of circumterrestrial space in the interests of ensuring the safety of space flights

The technology programme should reduce the cost and development time of space missions for scientific and commercial applications.

Measures for the reduction of space debris growth include methods for debris prevention and removal.

Based on the above generated information, action programmes (both prevention and mitigation) on space debris and its related aspects could be developed.

Astronautical congress which includes symposia on space and natural disaster reduction, Earth observations, microgravity sciences and processes, satellite communications, space and education, space exploration, space power, space propulsion, space station, space systems and space transportation sponsorship of conferences, workshops and regional events.

With regard to the issue of collision with space debris and practices adopted to minimize the creation of space debris the following steps have been taken.

Steps taken by space agencies for reducing the growth or damage potential of space debris (A AC.105 620, 21 November 1995)

Steps taken by space agencies for reducing the growth or damage potential of space debris (A AC.105 663, 13 December 1996)

Steps taken by space agencies for reducing the growth or damage potential of space debris (A AC.105 681, 17 December 1997)

35. Notes that space technology could play a central role in disaster reduction

It will be possible to reduce the spacing in the aerial corridors and trajectories will be optimized.

5. The ESA Space Debris Mitigation Handbook

The final four outputs of the system will become the main inputs for the space debris mitigation action programmes as well as for the national space policy including policy on impacts of space debris.

The Department of Defense, in that space policy, stated that it would seek to minimize the impact of space debris on its military operations.

This change will make it possible to reduce transfer orbit pollution by the separable modules and will decrease the probability of their exploding as a result of the long term effects of space conditions.

The Subcommittee had also made significant progress on space debris mitigation, having agreed on a two year workplan to develop a document based on the IADC space debris mitigation guidelines.

10. Recently, the modernization of operative, and the development of new, space and rocket technology led space related enterprises in the Russian Federation to undertake a number of preventive measures for reducing the level of space debris.

In order to minimize the creation of space debris, the RADARSAT program undertook two specific preventative measures.

NASDA began to study to establish the Space Debris Mitigation Standard in 1993.

Following this guideline reduces the growth of mass in the most frequently used regions of space and reduces the potential for having on orbit collisions become a significant source of debris.

3. Space debris mitigation measures

Not much free time...

This report is a brief overview of recent research progress and space debris reduction practices in Japan.

Design and operations of its space tests, experiments and systems would strive to minimize or reduce accumulation of space debris consistent with mission requirements.

The multiyear work plan adopted by the Subcommittee included measurements of space debris, understanding of data and effects of this environment on space systems, modelling of space debris environment and risk assessment, and space debris mitigation measures.

Additionally, as a result of the reduced flying hours the aircrew had to remain outside the mission area less frequently than originally envisaged.

Space technology offered tremendous potential for assisting in disaster response and mitigation.

With regard to existing space debris, we will cooperate with other countries in considering ways of reducing it. quot

Reduced flying hours early termination of air contract.

Reduces Konqueror startup time

If all the leading space Powers were to take a similar political step, we could make a real contribution to reducing the motivation to weaponize outer space.

Some delegations expressed the view that the lack of a definition or delimitation of outer space would bring about legal uncertainty concerning the applicability of space law and air law and that matters concerning state sovereignty and the boundary between air and outer space needed to be clarified in order to reduce the possibility of disputes among States.