One of the most efficient tax raising methods is the US payroll tax, for which the marginal tax rate is close to the average rate (because deductions are absent and there is little graduation in the rate structure). Therefore, cutting the payroll tax rate in 2011 2012 and making the rate schedule more graduated (on the Medicare side) were mistakes from the standpoint of efficient taxation.

The tax system should be reformed by increasing reliance on income progressive taxes, restructuring the property tax and introducing reasonably progressive taxes.

Temporary tariff rate may be applied to imported goods within a specified period of time.

In cases where imported goods, to which contractual tariff rate or preferential tariff rate is applicable are subject to temporary rate, the lower tariff rate shall apply.

Calculating formula of import duties is import duties customs value x import tariff rate

In many countries, tax reform has already significantly increased the share of direct taxes in overall revenue. Raising tax rates for the wealthiest citizens in developing a more progressive income tax framework would bolster this progress.

The tax is progressive and the graduation is effected by a tax free exemption limit on wealth.

Tariff headings, tariff lines and tariff rates specified in the Customs Import and Export Tariff of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Customs Tariffs ) and Table of Tariff Rates of Import Duties of the People's Republic of China of Entry Articles (hereinafter referred to as the Table of Tariff Rates of Import Duties of Entry Articles) drafted by the State Council are an integral part of this set of regulations.

14. Paragraph 97, which implies the need to replace sensible systems of progressive taxation with less progressive methods, contradicts the more sensible paragraph 98, which urges States to take action to address the underlying structural causes of poverty.

The most common are tax holidays but they can include reduced rates on taxes of all kinds, including import duties.

This approach also addresses concerns about the regressive effects of a cut in the corporate rate. It is both more progressive and more effective with highly mobile capital, it is far easier to collect taxes from individual citizens and resident shareholders than from multinational companies.

Moreover, since the tight restrictions on some imports were accompanied by low or zero tariffs on others, the average tariff rate and overall coverage were quite low.

A 15 tax would raise 300 billion. The choice of tax rate would be part of the negotiation over how far to reduce the overall US corporate tax rate.

The total tax burden on families also includes sales taxes, which are steeply regressive, and property taxes, which are progressive. Total personal taxes are mildly progressive, increasing steadily as a share of income from 14 at the 10th percentile to 28 at the 90th percentile, but then falling off sharply to 22 at the top, owing to the favorable treatment of capital gains and investment income, the wage cap on social security taxes, and the sharp regressivity of sales taxes.

Chapter II Establishment and Application of Tariff Rates of Import and Export Goods

From this perspective, a shortcoming of the US individual income tax system is that marginal tax rates are high at the bottom (because of means testing of welfare programs) and the top (because of the graduated rate structure). Thus, the government has moved in the wrong direction since 2009, sharply raising marginal tax rates at the bottom (by dramatically increasing transfer programs) and, more recently, at the top (by raising tax rates on the rich).

Meanwhile, with the reduction of general tariff level, especially the import tariff reduction of medicine and consumer goods, the taxable items and tax rate for import tax on imported goods would be reduced accordingly.

There is no inconsistency between a progressive, balanced deficit reduction plan and lowering the corporate tax rate. Of all taxes, corporate taxes are the most harmful to economic growth without which meaningful deficit reduction is far more difficult to achieve.

However, such flat taxes may significantly reduce the progressive impact of taxation.

A problem in carrying out a study of peak tariffs is that a substantial proportion of peak tariffs are specific rates or combined rates.

A careful study of these countries mainly post communist countries in Eastern Europe and a smattering of tiny micro states worldwide suggests that there are three main reasons. First, some countries are so relatively poor and lacking in domestic capital that they opt to drop rates in order to attract foreign investors.

Here, flat tax advocates administrative simplicity arguments have some traction. If a country is so small that it cannot develop a tax administration effective enough to manage a fair system of progressive taxation, then a flat tax may make sense.

The other countries that have embraced a flat tax are small or micro states Jamaica, Tuvalu, Grenada, Mauritius, Timor Leste, Belize, and Seychelles. The only (partial) exception to this rule is Paraguay, which adopted a flat tax in 2010. Here, flat tax advocates administrative simplicity arguments have some traction. If a country is so small that it cannot develop a tax administration effective enough to manage a fair system of progressive taxation, then a flat tax may make sense.

But a rate cut would be costly in terms of foregone revenues each percentage point would reduce corporate tax revenues by about 100 billion over the next decade. Moreover, recent studies indicate that a significant share of the corporate tax burden falls on capital, so a reduction in corporate taxes would weaken the progressivity of the tax system at a time when income inequality is at an all time high.

In cases where export goods, to which export tariff rates are applicable are subject to temporary tariff rate, the temporary tariff rate shall apply.

The customs shall, in line with the provisions of the Table of Import Tariff Rates of Imported Articles, the Table of Categorisation of the People's Republic of China of Imported Articles and the Table of Customs Value of the People's Republic of China of Imported Articles formulated by the Customs General Administration, categorise imported articles, identify customs value, and tariff rate applicable.

The Government decided in June to establish progressive import taxes on cars, with rates varying from 20 to 200 per cent, in a bid to raise more revenues other measures are under consideration.

The GSP rate is half of the MFN rates and subject to tariff quotas.

The introduction of new or increased oil taxation shall be ruled out.

2. Staff assessment rates vis à vis local taxes

Tariff rate and customs value applied on the day when the customs issues the payment of duties is applicable to imported articles.

For future trade negotiations, the option of converting all specific and combined rates into ad valorem rates should be further explored.

This rate refers to the effectively applied tariffs for imports from developing countries.

1410 Low duties

1510 Low duties

1520 High duties

For import goods subject to TRQ administration as specified by the State, the TRQ rate will be applied within the tariff rate quota, and the provisions of article 10 and 11 of this set of regulations shall come into play in terms of the application of tariff rate of imported goods going beyond the tariff rate quota allowed.

A structural revision of the tax system is under way, the goal being to simplify and reduce the number of the rates, identify taxpayers and streamline administrative procedures.

Other issues relate to the treatment of rates on unbound tariff lines, the extent of the binding coverage, the methodology to be used to the establish the base rate, or final bound rate, and the conversion of specific rates to ad valorem or percentage format.

The software allows for a cross country comparison of basic indicators on the import regime, such as tariff averages and the incidences of non tariff measures.

According to a recent study, restoring tax rates on dividends and capital gains to their pre 1997 levels of 28 could finance a reduction in the US federal corporate tax rate from 35 to 26 . This change would both reduce the incentive for corporations to shift investments abroad and increase the progressivity of the US tax system.

Similarly, a modest carbon tax or value added tax, with credits or subsidies to offset the regressive effects on low income households, could generate enough revenue both to pay for a significant reduction in the corporate tax rate and to make a meaningful contribution to deficit reduction.

Export duties are in the form of export tariff rate, and temporary tariff rate may be applied to export goods within a specified period of time.

There are important cases where tariff quotas carry peak rates or even rates exceeding 30 per cent.

The US applies a widespread system of combined MFN and tariff quota rates in this area, together with safeguards consisting of additional duties which rise progressively, if import prices are below a certain threshold.