And place cells also get this kind of path integration input from a kind of cell called a grid cell.

They discovered that adult cells, taken from you and me, could be reprogrammed back into embryonic like cells, which they termed IPS cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells.

(e) Interleucine K obtaining high quality crystals of alpha 1 and beta 1 interleucines as well as of the interleucine 1 receptor antagonist.

It was a rare gem a brain tumor, hemangioblastoma the gift that keeps on giving.

And when you have a population of fast dividing cancer cells, if one of them acquires new mutations, which allow them to grow more quickly, acquire nutrients more successfully, invade the body, they'll be selected for by evolution.

So, I added these protocells together to the system, and protocell A and protocell B fused together to form a hybrid protocell AB.

For this fish, it's actually whole cells with nuclei and membranes.

This is a normal cell. This is a cancer cell.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

We then take the cells, the vascular cells, blood vessel cells, we perfuse the vascular tree with the patient's own cells.

There's a class of cells, a fairly small cell, an inhibitory cell, that quiets its neighbors.

We're made of cells and stuff between cells.

In effect, the cancer cell was forgetting it was cancer and becoming a normal cell.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

Cells?

And out in the cytoplasmic soup we have special proteins that are required for cell division that float freely in this soup in three dimensions.

We submitted over 300 samples of mushrooms that were boiled in hot water, and mycelium harvesting these extracellular metabolites.

But adult stem cells are not embryonic stem cells.

These are support cells astrocytes glia.

We then grow the cells outside the body, take the scaffold, coat the scaffold with the cells the patient's own cells, two different cell types.

Or we can use cells alone, either your very own cells or different stem cell populations.

Liver cells, nerve cells, pancreatic cells we still can't grow them even today.

My body's an accumulation of ideas too the idea of skin cells, the idea of brain cells, the idea of liver cells.

And the other part is on the inside where it sends signals into the cell.

A windpipe cell already knows it's a windpipe cell.

In order to preserve the human species, it would be preferable surely to use gene therapy with caution, restricting it to somatic cells (body cells excluding germ cells), to the exclusion of germ cells (i.e. the cells used for sexual reproduction).

We thought that maybe nitric oxide affected cell death, and how cells survive, and their resistance to other things.

The immune cells developed into the tolerance promoting cells.

So you may not only have car cells, you may have Aston Martin cells.

So, 10 times more bacterial cells than human cells on a human being.

And what MyoD essentially does is, it causes cells to differentiate into muscle cells. So this compound, MyoD, has been tested on a lot of different cell types and been shown to actually convert this variety of cell types into skeletal muscle cells.

But she also found osteocytes, which are the cells that laid down the bones.

So I've studied a lot about stem cells embryonic stem cells are particularly powerful.

And in our lab, we are focused on taking fat and reprogramming mounds of fat into fountains of youthful cells cells that we may use to then form other, more specialized, cells, which one day may be used as cell transplants.

And they will either enter into this so called cellular suicide, programmed cell death, or they will form unhealthy daughter cells and enter into apoptosis once they have divided.

Watch when these two large protocells, the hybrid ones, fuse together.

Memory B cells turn into plasma cells, which produce wave after wave of the specific antibodies that latch onto HIV to prevent it from infecting cells, while squadrons of killer T cells seek out and destroy cells that are already HIV infected.

Now both of these kinds of cells can make the place cells fire.

And we make cells dance.

Cells, Howard.

What I want to talk about today is this particular cell, or grouping of cells, that is in each and every one of us.

And then this bubbling, this membrane bubbling, is the hallmark of apoptosis in this cell.

This is a stem cell that we've developed here in Oxford, from an embryonic stem cell.

There's another thing, which is you've got to get these genes into cells.

We worked with a theme, which is, you've got macrophages that are streaming down a capillary, and they're touching the surface of the capillary wall, and they're picking up information from cells that are on the capillary wall, and they are given this information that there's an inflammation somewhere outside, where they can't see and sense.