So, I added these protocells together to the system, and protocell A and protocell B fused together to form a hybrid protocell AB.

But she also found osteocytes, which are the cells that laid down the bones.

They discovered that adult cells, taken from you and me, could be reprogrammed back into embryonic like cells, which they termed IPS cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells.

There's a protocell AB now in this system.

For this fish, it's actually whole cells with nuclei and membranes.

This is a normal cell. This is a cancer cell.

Memory B cells turn into plasma cells, which produce wave after wave of the specific antibodies that latch onto HIV to prevent it from infecting cells, while squadrons of killer T cells seek out and destroy cells that are already HIV infected.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

We then take the cells, the vascular cells, blood vessel cells, we perfuse the vascular tree with the patient's own cells.

There's a class of cells, a fairly small cell, an inhibitory cell, that quiets its neighbors.

It's bringing the cells into the body. It's allowing the cells to regenerate new tissue, and once the tissue is regenerated the scaffold goes away.

A blood vessel is made up of two different cell types.

Human tissue is made up of cells.

You select one set of cells to perform one sort of behavior, another neuromodulator, another set of cells, a different pattern, and you can imagine you could extrapolate to a very, very complicated system.

So, is it possible that the tumor cells are going to the skeletal muscle tissue, but once in contact inside the skeletal muscle tissue, MyoD acts upon these tumor cells and causes them to become skeletal muscle cells?

We're made of cells and stuff between cells.

They're controlling who nervous system cells partner up with.

There are species that have no aging Hydra for example but they do it by not having a nervous system and not having any tissues in fact that rely for their function on very long lived cells.

In effect, the cancer cell was forgetting it was cancer and becoming a normal cell.

We think bacteria made the rules for how multicellular organization works.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

Cells?

So, Martin, he works with a system called the protocell.

And out in the cytoplasmic soup we have special proteins that are required for cell division that float freely in this soup in three dimensions.

But adult stem cells are not embryonic stem cells.

These are support cells astrocytes glia.

All of life is controlled by networks from the intracellular through the multicellular through the ecosystem level.

We then grow the cells outside the body, take the scaffold, coat the scaffold with the cells the patient's own cells, two different cell types.

You have tissue culture cells. There are a ton of viruses.

Because what stem cells are they're these phenomenal cells that really have the ability to differentiate into any type of tissue.

Or we can use cells alone, either your very own cells or different stem cell populations.

Liver cells, nerve cells, pancreatic cells we still can't grow them even today.

My body's an accumulation of ideas too the idea of skin cells, the idea of brain cells, the idea of liver cells.

And the other part is on the inside where it sends signals into the cell.

A windpipe cell already knows it's a windpipe cell.

In order to preserve the human species, it would be preferable surely to use gene therapy with caution, restricting it to somatic cells (body cells excluding germ cells), to the exclusion of germ cells (i.e. the cells used for sexual reproduction).

We thought that maybe nitric oxide affected cell death, and how cells survive, and their resistance to other things.

The immune cells developed into the tolerance promoting cells.

So you may not only have car cells, you may have Aston Martin cells.

And you see there, it gets reintegrated in tissue.

And place cells also get this kind of path integration input from a kind of cell called a grid cell.

And we just put these two together in the same system.

We then tease the tissue apart into its two individual cell components, muscle, and these bladder specialized cells.

So, 10 times more bacterial cells than human cells on a human being.

And what MyoD essentially does is, it causes cells to differentiate into muscle cells. So this compound, MyoD, has been tested on a lot of different cell types and been shown to actually convert this variety of cell types into skeletal muscle cells.