Another example is the creation of hybridomas, hybrid cells created in the laboratory by fusing normal white blood cells that produce antibodies with a cancer cell. Researchers wanted to combine the cancer cells rapid growth and the normal cells ability to dictate the production of a single specific monoclonal antibody.

I believe matter begets life life becomes single cells single cells become strings strings become chains chains network.

Cancer occurs when a single cell in your body acquires a set of random mutations in important genes that cause that cell to start to produce more and more and more copies of itself.

Each cell in the body contains DNA, which is responsible for producing the proteins that are necessary for a cell s functioning. Though all cells in the body have the same DNA, only a subset of the genes encoded by the DNA is expressed in each cell type, thus accounting for the difference between, say, a skin cell, a liver cell, and a brain cell.

So, I added these protocells together to the system, and protocell A and protocell B fused together to form a hybrid protocell AB.

In a human being, down in here it could be make blood cells, start cancer.

All of life is controlled by networks from the intracellular through the multicellular through the ecosystem level.

And when the light turns off, these cells go back to normal, so they don't seem to be averse against that.

So, Martin, he works with a system called the protocell.

They were, at that stage, much smaller and had an elongated shape that allowed them to slip between other cells. It came as a great surprise when we discovered that the cells giving birth to the new neurons were a type called radial glia, which were thought not to occur in adulthood and were not known to give birth to neurons.

In order to preserve the human species, it would be preferable surely to use gene therapy with caution, restricting it to somatic cells (body cells excluding germ cells), to the exclusion of germ cells (i.e. the cells used for sexual reproduction).

And I first off started work in cell culture, growing cells, and then I was using knockout mouse models mice that couldn't make the gene.

Memory B cells turn into plasma cells, which produce wave after wave of the specific antibodies that latch onto HIV to prevent it from infecting cells, while squadrons of killer T cells seek out and destroy cells that are already HIV infected.

So we hypothesized that female stem cells might be better at identifying the injury, doing some cellular repair or even producing new organs, which is one of the things that we're trying to do with stem cell therapy.

So, 10 times more bacterial cells than human cells on a human being.

These electrodes act like mini pacemakers to get the cells to contract in the lab.

And the cell will actually manufacture the parts that it needs on the fly, from information that's brought from the nucleus by molecules that read the genes.

Because what happened in the beginning, this stuff encases itself in a cell, then cells start hanging out together in societies.

There's a protocell AB now in this system.

And so I thought, Maybe if it can promote cell growth, it can inhibit cell death, too.

But these protocells satisfy these general requirements of living systems.

Mice reared in a sterile environment so they lacked a gut microbiome and do not develop this kind of immune cell were given L. reuteri and the immune cells arose.

For this fish, it's actually whole cells with nuclei and membranes.

You can make some sort of a biofuel cell.

I mean, on the slide, you can see that on our sensitive side, these cells that are responding to the drug, when we start blocking the protein, the number of dying cells those colored dots they're going down.

This is a normal cell. This is a cancer cell.

Cancer is an interaction of a cell that no longer is under growth control with the environment.

The growth of living cells on an artificial scaffold to produce new cells, tissues or even whole organs seems not only possible but perhaps close to realization.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

We then take the cells, the vascular cells, blood vessel cells, we perfuse the vascular tree with the patient's own cells.

There's a class of cells, a fairly small cell, an inhibitory cell, that quiets its neighbors.

The Sino US stem cell project will be officially put into operation at the end of the year.

Whereas a skin cell or a liver cell, for instance, can reproduce only more skin or liver, stem cells, which are the most robust at the beginning of human development, are master cells. As a fertilized egg turns into an embryo, and then a fetus, those initial stem cells somehow show their daughter cells how to become skin, liver, eye, or bone.

Peter Ward Yeah, every single cell in us can produce minute quantities of hydrogen sulfide in great crises.

So the one on the top likes to fire sort of midway between the walls of the box that their rat's in.

We're made of cells and stuff between cells.

They're controlling who nervous system cells partner up with.

In effect, the cancer cell was forgetting it was cancer and becoming a normal cell.

In the video a moment ago, you saw fleets of new viruses launching from infected cells.

And it's at the hair cell level that they do this.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

Cells?

Embryonic cells as well as sperm and egg cells intended for medically assisted reproduction may only be conserved for a maximum of one year.

And this is exactly how one cancer cell becomes two cancer cells, two cancer cells become four cancer cells, and we have ultimately uncontrolled tumor growth.

And out in the cytoplasmic soup we have special proteins that are required for cell division that float freely in this soup in three dimensions.