Carole Lartigue led the effort to actually transplant a bacterial chromosome from one bacteria to another.

What if I could stick this molecule, slap it onto a bacteria that was pathogenic to me, that had just invaded my lungs?

So in addition to doing the transplant, we had to find out how to get a bacterial chromosome out of the eukaryotic yeast into a form where we could transplant it into a recipient cell.

It doesn't matter what kind of sediment you're using to grind up, whether it's bacteria or any other plants or animals.

Bacteriological and chemical weapons can also affect foodstuffs and agricultural lands for many years and, in the case of bacteriological and biological weapons, could result in mutant plant forms with serious effects on human, animal and vegetable life.

And along comes pneumococcus or another bacteria, streptococcus and boom, they get a bacterial pneumonia.

Already what were thought to be bacteria for generations have been found to compose, instead, two great domains of microorganisms true bacteria and one celled organisms the archaea, which are closer than other bacteria to the eukaryota, the group that we belong to.

We think bacteria made the rules for how multicellular organization works.

An example of an organism or two that happens to be quite immortal would be plant seeds or bacterial spores.

They either pop the bacterial membrane, they make the bacterium so it can't replicate its DNA.

And when the molecule hits a certain amount that tells the bacteria how many neighbors there are, they recognize that molecule and all of the bacteria turn on light in synchrony.

A virus grabbed onto a bacterium and it slipped its DNA into it.

These are hacks, and if we looked at the general shape of the approaches to hacking life there are, current consensus, six kingdoms. Six different broad approaches the plants, the animals, the fungi, the protests the little things the bacteria and the Archaea bacteria. The Archaeas.

What happens is that bacteria are able to count how many of me and how many of you.

And the very first day that this fellow, John Allen, walked in, to spend a couple of days in there with all the plants and animals and bacteria that we'd put in there to hopefully keep him alive, the doctors were incredibly concerned that he was going to succumb to some dreadful toxin, or that his lungs were going to get choked with bacteria or something, fungus.

These vibrios, these bacteria, can actually infect people.

And we know staph can do amazing things.

This is now supposed to be my bacterial cell.

This is the bacterial Esperanto.

Those fungi and bacteria are as highly evolved as humans.

Every life form on this planet every insect, every bacteria, every plant, every animal, every human, every politician is coded in that stuff.

And so we started to think if this really is about communication in bacteria, and it's about counting your neighbors, it's not enough to be able to only talk within your species.

Dr Noah's bacillus? Now, Jimmy, even you wouldn't release germ warfare.

You will never annihilate the germs.

A piece of paper crawling with germs.

We couldn't have a germ theory of disease before we invented the microscope to see them.

What was actually interesting to us was not that the bacteria made light, but when the bacteria made light.

To take an example close to home there are over 500 species of bacteria now known friendly bacteria living symbiotically in your mouth and throat probably necessary to your health for holding off pathogenic bacteria.

And, after an initial cost of 60 bucks to buy the bacteria, which you'll never have to pay again, one cubic meter of bacterial sand would be about 11 dollars.

So replacing the bacteria DNA with virus DNA turns the bacteria into a factory for making viruses that is, until it's so filled with viruses that it bursts.

It's different when a bacteria comes into the body that's a foreign object we want that out.

As we started to look at this information, we would see that about 20 percent of the genetic information in your nose doesn't match anything that we've ever seen before no plant, animal, fungus, virus or bacteria.

We heard that bacteria eat oil?

Without water, the bacteria won't survive.

But it's not bacterial pneumonia.

And the focus when I'm talking about the diarrheal organisms, as well as the focus when I'm talking about any organisms that cause acute infectious disease, is to think about the problem from a germ's point of view, germ's eye view.

And what you're looking at with this namibiensis is the biggest bacteria we've ever seen.

Here, this cloaked, secret agent virus is slipping his DNA into the bacterial cell, but here's the kicker It doesn't do anything harmful not at first.

Jessica Green We're covered in germs. Let's design for that.

The main characters in the story are bacteria and viruses.

Please identify the bacterial specimen under the microscope.

Fungi don't like to rot from bacteria, and so our best antibiotics come from fungi.

There has to be a way to take a census of the rest of the bacteria in the population.

So, 10 times more bacterial cells than human cells on a human being.

To understand how the bacteria affected the immune system, the researchers grew L. reuteri in liquid and then transferred small amounts of the liquid without bacteria to immature immune cells isolated from mice.