(a) Exchange rate the weakening of the United States dollar has resulted in a net adjustment of 4.3 million in local staff costs

(b) A currency adjustment of 4.7 million an increase as a result of the continued weakening of the United States dollar.

The continuing weakness of the dollar against the euro has had a sizeable impact on the revised expenditure estimate for the current biennium.

That was partly offset by a weakening of local currencies compared with the United States dollar.

The budget's net cost increases of 85.7 million are predominantly due to inflationary factors, compounded by the weakened United States dollar, primarily at the country level.

The overall cost increase is mostly the result of the weakening of the United States dollar, inflation and post related cost adjustments.

A net increase in the amount of 5,738,000 would be required to absorb the impact of changes in the exchange rates ( 6,657,200), attributable mainly to the weakening of the dollar vis à vis the euro partly offset by reduced requirements for inflation ( 919,200).

While continued weakening of the United States dollar is mainly responsible for the growth, almost one third of the increase can be attributed to strengthened donor support.

At its session in May 2005, the Board of Trustees amended the UNITAR budget for the biennium 2004 2005 to cover additional costs and to address the weakness of the United States dollar.

(p) Acquisition of software packages 1,000.

Hardware and software (Decrease 0.8 million)

As the dollar continued to weaken against the Euro and other major currencies, exchange rate fluctuations continued to affect core income positively, accounting for more than two thirds of the increase in regular income in 2004.

The operating expenditures , where expenses are mostly incurred in euros, was also overspent by 33,835 due to the weakening of the United States dollar vis à vis the euro.

Concern was also expressed about the recent weakness of the yen which posed a crisis within the crisis.

The final budget reflects increased headquarters costs resulting from the introduction of revised salary scales after the 2004 2005 budget had been formulated and the continued weakness of the dollar against the euro.

All of this will lead to a strengthening of the US dollar, as growth in the United States is picking up and the Federal Reserve has signaled that it will begin raising interest rates next year. But, if global growth remains weak and the dollar becomes too strong, even the Fed may decide to raise interest rates later and more slowly to avoid excessive dollar appreciation.

The cost estimate provides for the replacement of worn or damaged equipment and consists of (a) five 3 cubic metre fuel bladders at a cost of 3,000 each ( 15,000) (b) four 25 cubic metre fuel bladders at a cost of 12,000 each ( 48,000) and (c) five 60 cubic metre metering units at a cost of 1,700 each ( 8,500).

Whereas many oil market participants have blamed speculation, most economists defend how oil markets have performed and point to economic fundamentals. One argument that economists use is that higher prices are due to the weak dollar.

The volume of soft loans granted through January 2004 amounted to 5.382 billion.

The recorded expenditure relates to the purchase of (a) 98 desktop microcomputer systems at a cost of 2,100 per system, including freight charges ( 206,200) (b) 2 Lotus Notes servers at an average cost of 19,300 per server ( 38,600) and (c) various software packages ( 18,200).

The amount of 21,400 provides for the annual software licence fees for Sun Accounting System ( 4,000), Progen Payroll ( 1,200), Reality System ( 3,000), Lotus Notes ( 2,000), Newsfeed ( 1,800) and the replacement of four computers ( 9,400).

And there are some charity workers who call this compassion fatigue.

The estimated decreased requirements of 13.6 million for the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and 10.7 million for the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in respect of exchange rate fluctuations reflect the recent strengthening of the United States dollar after a period of weakening against the Tanzanian shilling and the euro respectively.

This damages European exports to both the US and Asia. Reduced European dependence on the US export market can hardly protect Europe from the effects of the US economic slowdown if the euro appreciates as much against the key Asian currencies as it has against the dollar.

Provision is made in the amount of 284,000 for spare parts for existing data processing equipment, including software ( 114,000), office equipment ( 115,000), generator ( 55,000).

The loans, ranging from 500 to 3,000, were fully repayable on terms similar to those for soft loans.

History suggests otherwise, despite a vulnerable dollar.

Provision is also made for EDP parts and accessories ( 10,000) additional office software packages to supplement existing software ( 4,200) and freight charges estimated at 15 per cent of the total value of the equipment ( 4,700).

Weakness in the rest of the world implies a stronger dollar, which will invariably weaken US growth. The deeper the slowdown in other countries and the higher the dollar rises, the less the US will be able to decouple from the funk everywhere else, even if domestic demand seems robust.

An amount of 85,000 provides for the cost of services, such as, news wire service and software ( 16,000), broadcasting programmes on television stations in the country ( 40,000) and radio production ( 29,000).

Thus, even though the United States and Japan will not be raising interest rates anytime soon, lower foreign rates still make the dollar and yen relatively more attractive. Commodity prices will continue to be soft, pulling down commodity currencies, and bolstering the yen especially, since resource poor Japan is so reliant on commodity imports.

Most of the cost increase relates to the weakening of the United States dollar, contributing to increasing costs for purchasing goods and services overseas and affecting the payroll of existing posts, as well mandatory requirements for security (see paragraph 18 below).

IS3.59 The provision of 84,200, reflecting a decrease of 23,200, would cover (a) the upgrade of the current hardware and software, as well as the acquisition of an additional workstation and other equipment related to the sale of statistical products ( 81,200) and (b) the cost of software for enhancing websites and improving databases for the sale of population products ( 3,000).

37. Between 1 October 1996 and 31 December 1997, US 879 million in new financing was mobilized, consisting of US 119 million in grants, US 388 million in soft loans and US 377 million in other loans.

Meanwhile, the dollar s falling value reflects the fact that the Fed is pumping more money into the system than are most of its trading partners. So, the dollar will continue to weaken until the rate of increase in new money into the US economy no longer exceeds that of domestic economic growth and corresponds to the pace of monetary expansion followed by central banks in the rest of the world.

A provision of 28,000 is requested for computer maintenance of 40 computers at standard cost rates of 550 per computer and 150 per computer for desktop software.

IS3.20 The provision of 1,970,500, reflecting a decrease of 829,600, would cover (a) the consolidated cost of printing stamps ( 1,388,500) in both United Nations Postal Administration offices (b) the overall programme for advertising and promotional activities ( 576,400) and (c) requirements for contractual software applications ( 5,600).

Provision is made for the payment of yearly licence fees for software utilized in the Mission such as Sun accounts, Progen Payroll, Reality System, Lotus Notes, News feed, Novell Netware, office automation software ( 20,000) and Internet fees ( 6,300).

(i) Operations Management System (OMS) the revised 1998 budget amounts to 1.4 million and the initial 1999 budget to 1.3 million, including 605,000 for development of the protection and programme management software system (paras.

California will spend over 100 billion, Microsoft, 38, Google, about 19.

The working group agreed to support a total amount of 6,000,000 for the software projects (see paras.

Also includes 100,000 for the acquisition of documentation and software for the development of course materials.

It is planned to complete the upgrading and replacement of obsolete equipment in the Mission during this period. Provision is therefore made in the amount of 245,100 for purchase of equipment ( 84,300), plus freight at 15 per cent ( 12,600), software and licences ( 63,000), spare parts and accessories ( 12,000), memory hard disk upgrades ( 11,000), consumable supplies ( 20,000) and for maintenance packages for payroll and accounts ( 42,200)

For example, in the United States alone, there are over five million people who have paid over 500 for software to learn a new language.

The cost of the necessary software and hardware needed to put the prototype in operation is estimated at 65,000.