And out in the cytoplasmic soup we have special proteins that are required for cell division that float freely in this soup in three dimensions.

These are support cells astrocytes glia.

These glial cells become activated.

A carcinogen is any substance or agent that causes abnormal growth of cells, which can also cause them to metastasize or spread.

As cell division begins the nucleus disintegrates, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and those special proteins undergo a three dimensional sequence whereby they attach and they literally click into place end on end to form chains.

These chains then progress and attach to the genetic material and pull the genetic material from one cell into two cells.

But see how much of the protein is still throughout the nucleus, even in the dividing cell.

(e) Interleucine K obtaining high quality crystals of alpha 1 and beta 1 interleucines as well as of the interleucine 1 receptor antagonist.

The second protocell has a different chemistry inside, and when activated, the protocells all come together and they fuse into one big one. Right?

I believe matter begets life life becomes single cells single cells become strings strings become chains chains network.

And what MyoD essentially does is, it causes cells to differentiate into muscle cells. So this compound, MyoD, has been tested on a lot of different cell types and been shown to actually convert this variety of cell types into skeletal muscle cells.

You can think of them as little proteins that are like solar cells.

And in that space station we have the genetic material, the chromosomes, within a nucleus.

And what we do is we grow extracellular matrix from pigs.

And each of these proteins acts just like that solar cell that I told you about.

In certain mental state, a bit altered metabolism, a few degenerated cells, and the man is a beast.

What's common among these groups of cells is that they all produce the neurotransmitter dopamine.

And the bacterium needs tryptophan one of the building blocks of proteins to trigger the cells' appearance.

These are diatoms, single celled phytoplankton with skeletons of silicon ...

So remember, these are primitive things, so dancing protocells, that's very interesting to us.

And in fact, the smallest unit of matter that can evolve independently is, in fact, a single cell a bacteria.

Each cell in the body contains DNA, which is responsible for producing the proteins that are necessary for a cell s functioning. Though all cells in the body have the same DNA, only a subset of the genes encoded by the DNA is expressed in each cell type, thus accounting for the difference between, say, a skin cell, a liver cell, and a brain cell.

And you do that by measuring the relative activation of the left prefrontal cortex in the fMRI, versus the right prefrontal cortex.

Protocell A has a certain kind of chemistry inside that, when activated, the protocell starts to vibrate around, just dancing.

The first cancer that we have focused on is the deadly brain cancer, GBM.

Heart rates are slower you live longer diffusion of oxygen and resources across membranes is slower, etc.

I can sprinkle a few cells, stem cells from the patient's own hip, a little bit of genetically engineered protein, and lo and behold, leave it for four months and the face is grown.

And it can also escort them to the garbage cans of the cell and recycle them if they're damaged.

This little guy is called the kinesin, and he pulls a sack that's full of brand new manufactured proteins to wherever it's needed in the cell whether it's to a membrane, whether it's to an organelle, whether it's to build something or repair something.

Cortisol floods the brain it destroys hippocampal cells and memory, and can lead to all kinds of health problems.

And we're now going to put some chemistry inside and do some chemistry in this cell.

In its membrane, or its boundary, it contains little proteins that indeed can convert light into electricity.

If you do it for more than a second, it's enough to basically destroy the proteins of the cells.

You're in these levels of inferior visual cortex where you have thousands and tens of thousands and millions of images, or figments, or fragmentary figments, all neurally encoded in particular cells or small clusters of cells.

So what if we could just take these channelrhodopsins and other molecules and install them on some of these other spare cells and convert them into little cameras.

So, I added these protocells together to the system, and protocell A and protocell B fused together to form a hybrid protocell AB.

For this fish, it's actually whole cells with nuclei and membranes.

I cleaved in two, then four, then eight cells.

This is a normal cell. This is a cancer cell.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

These cells, called glial cells, were once thought to be unimportant structural elements of the spinal cord that did nothing more than hold all the important things together, like the nerves.

You select one set of cells to perform one sort of behavior, another neuromodulator, another set of cells, a different pattern, and you can imagine you could extrapolate to a very, very complicated system.

We then take the cells, the vascular cells, blood vessel cells, we perfuse the vascular tree with the patient's own cells.

There's a class of cells, a fairly small cell, an inhibitory cell, that quiets its neighbors.

We're made of cells and stuff between cells.