The Eastern Hemlock forest is being considered in some ways the last fragments of primeval rainforest east of the Mississippi River.

The Eastern Hemlock tree has often been described as the Redwood of the East.

It's called the Great Western Railway.

This is Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and the Hemlocks are dead as far as the eye can see.

Los Angeles, all aboard.

It made a trans species jump out of some other organism in Asia, where it was living on Hemlock trees in Asia.

Redwoods grow very slowly in their tops.

This is the S.S. Great Western that he built to take care of the second half of that journey.

The Department of the Interior was crowded with western railroad tycoons, mine owners and land speculators.

Engineer on the Western and Atlantic Railroad.

The Union Pacific railroad is going to paint a whole train pink and send it on a north west tour.

We have now discovered that there is a multi directional transfer of nutrients between plants, mitigated by the mcyelium so the mycelium is the mother that is giving nutrients from alder and birch trees to hemlocks, cedars and Douglas firs.

With innovations like the Great Western, we can stretch that balance to the absolute limit.

Neither. Going back tonight. Golden West Limited, Los Angeles.

In the 1950s, a small organism appeared in Richmond, Virginia, called the Hemlock woolly adelgid.

It's not the tracks they're afraid of. It's what the tracks bring.

This is the Caltrans building in Los Angeles.

Finally, tonight we have a great story out of Los Angeles. East LA to be precise.

Passengers for bus 382 leaving for Los Angeles. All aboard.

This is an image of the Great Western in 1840.

They have no part in this uprising.

So you have the sprawl of LA, the sprawl of Mexico City.

If a portion of a Redwood is rotting, the Redwood will send roots into its own form and draw nutrients out of itself as it falls apart.

When it moved into its new host, the Eastern Hemlock tree, it escaped its predators, and the new tree had no resistance to it.

Rail transport, once a dominant mode of transport along the transit corridors in several subregions, namely the Southern, Eastern and West Central African subregions, has in recent years increasingly come under pressure from road transport largely because of the inefficiency of the railway systems.

People are dying from curable diseases in South Central Los Angeles.

Golden West Limited... westbound for Albuquerque and Los Angeles... will remain in the station for 12 minutes.

I dragged out this stuff, and it wasn't iron.

And those are those cast iron things you see at antique shops.

We're less than a mile from one of the largest hospitals in Los Angeles, called Cedars Sinai.

Los Angeles.

A Los Angeles.

That tree...!

Los Angeles.

Where's the money?

One day, someone from the railroad comes here to see me.

The cheapest way is overland, the TransSiberian Railroad.

Summary of gold, cassiterite and wolframite comptoirs approved by the Ministry of Mines

In Jared Diamond's wonderful book, Guns, Germs and Steel, he talks about how it was germs, more than guns and steel, that conquered the new hemisphere the Western hemisphere that conquered the rest of the world.

This is the Fortingall Yew no, I'm just kidding this is the Fortingall Yew.

A needle's nothing but a hunk of steel if you've got nothing to sew.

The building of a railroad from the United States to Mexico through Texas.

I'm going to ask you to imagine what a Redwood really is as a living organism.

Los Lagos

Los Angeles girl?