(b) The elimination of trade distorting policies, protectionist practices and non tariff barriers in international trade relations

Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

(b) The elimination of trade distorting policies, protectionist practices and non tariff barriers in international trade relations

In many developing countries, total tax revenue is derived from three main sources domestic taxes on goods and services (sales and excise taxes), direct taxes (primarily on corporations), and, most important, taxes on foreign trade (import duties). But, as trade liberalization has lowered tariffs and duties, the share of trade taxes has declined, while other sources have not compensated for falling trade revenue.

1720 Urgency and safeguard duties

GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

The nature of the peak tariffs and their selective application would warrant complementing the existing tariff and trade data base with detailed national trade data specifying for each tariff line the trade flows under the various tariff regimes and rates applied.

10B. International Trade Centre UNCTAD GATT

ICITO GATT Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

UNCTAD meeting on Coping with trade reforms a developing country perspective on the WTO tariff negotiations

UNCTAD meeting on Coping with trade reforms A developing country perspective on the WTO tariff negotiations

As a result of successive rounds of multilateral trade negotiations, as well as regional trade agreements and autonomous tariff reduction initiatives, tariffs are continuously being lowered.

Indeed, in the future, as tariffs become increasingly liberalized, we can expect even more attention to be given to other methods for increasing world trade such as trade facilitation.

In that view, the primary emphasis in regional integration is on trade liberalization, involving across the board removal of tariffs through the formation of a free trade area or customs union.

To ensure harmonization of customs legislation and reduce the differences in the amounts of customs duties and indirect charges, and to adopt an agreed decision on unified principles for the conduct of customs controls in trade with one another

This should include individual trade flows by partner countries under the MFN, GSP and LDC rates, preferential trade within free trade agreements, customs unions or other preferential arrangements, trade under outward processing regimes, and autonomous tariff rates.

The continual decline of tariff rates as the result of eight GATT rounds of multilateral trade negotiations (MTNs) has increased the relative importance of NTBs both as protection and as regulatory trade instruments.

The continual decline of tariff rates as a result of eight multilateral trade negotiations has raised the relative importance of NTBs in terms of both protection and regulatory trade instruments.

6. Urges States to eliminate barriers to trade, including tariff peaks, high tariffs and non tariff barriers and measures which are not consistent with their obligations under the World Trade Organization agreements, taking into account the importance of the trade of fisheries products, particularly for developing countries

Urges States to eliminate barriers to trade, including tariff peaks, high tariffs and non tariff barriers and measures which are not consistent with their obligations under the World Trade Organization agreements, taking into account the importance of the trade of fisheries products, particularly for developing countries

(a) As tariff barriers decline, it is important to find other revenue sources in place of falling trade tax revenue since, in several African countries, such revenue remains a significant part of total revenue. During the transition to non trade sources of revenue, aid flows, aimed at replacing revenue shortfalls from trade liberalization, could be very useful

For future trade negotiations, the option of converting all specific and combined rates into ad valorem rates should be further explored.

NWF apos s Senior Legislative Representative for International Affairs and its Trade and Environment Specialist were both active in the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and participated in the process leading up to the founding of the World Trade Organization.

33. A further concern is the decline in tax revenues forecast for 1999, owing to the repeal of the Act on a Single Property Tax, tariff reductions, the ending of the commercial and agricultural enterprise tax, which is expected to occur in mid 1999, and the planned cut in income tax rates.

(i) United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL)

C. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law

Progressive development of the law of international trade

The Office of Aerospace has been actively encouraging as many countries as possible to sign the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft (Aircraft Agreement) before becoming members of WTO.

Even when world trade finally began to revive after the depression ended, it remained fragmented, developing primarily within trading blocs and regions. It was only after World War II when the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (succeeded in 1995 by the WTO) began the process of multilateral trade liberalization that Smoot Hawley s destructive legacy was finally overcome.

G. Other matters in the field of trade and development Progressive development of the law of international trade thirty first

(e) United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), Vienna

The clear expression of specific duties in ad valorem terms would substantially facilitate the evaluation of their incidence on prices and trade in the countries concerned and by their trading partners.

In order to do so, it would be necessary to identify the traded quantity prevailing before the introduction of the NTB.

Table 3 Tariff averages, pre and post Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations (Percentage)

As a result, the rules that govern trade, such as anti dumping duties and countervailing duties to offset illegal subsidies, were in the domain of both the WTO and the PTAs. But, when there was a conflict, WTO rules prevailed, because they conferred enforceable rights that extended to all WTO members, whereas PTA defined rights extended only to the PTA s few members.

Quantity impact measures can a priori provide precise information about the impact of an NTB on trade.

(j) Coordination meeting between UNCITRAL, World Trade Organization (WTO), International Trade Centre (ITC), UNIDROIT and the Hague Conference on Private International Law (Geneva, Switzerland 1 June 2004)

Despite various preferential trade arrangements with its main trading partners, Africa's external trade continues to be hindered by a host of non tariff barriers and excessive market entry requirements that nullify the market access granted under preferential tariff regimes.

This drop in revenues may be worsened by the amendments to the laws on free zones, value added tax and income tax adopted in 1997 and 1998, which together have eroded the tax base.

His Government had submitted proposals on GATT Articles VIII and X emphasizing the merits of trade facilitation.

2. A census of the views of trading partners with regard to the trade efficiency of a country

(a) The Trade Efficiency Approach

Proposal for a Trade Efficiency Assessment Methodology (TEAM)

For example, the trader was not required to pay Jérôme taxes of 1,500 per container of sugar or batteries until Jérôme considered that the trader had received a sufficient amount in abatements in exchange for the two requisitioned vehicles.

Free trade, customs union, economic partnership or common market agreements