There are three general classes of orbit that may be suitable for small satellites the geostationary orbit (GSO), the highly elliptical orbit (HEO) and the low Earth orbit (LEO).

from a low intensity collision in GEO graveyard orbit (bottom)

Basic orbital parameters Geostationary orbit

2. The spacing between GEO and the graveyard orbit

(k) The design of orbital stages should support the capability of being safely de orbited or moved to a disposal orbit, as appropriate

These are time in orbit, projected area, orbital altitude and orbital inclination.

These are time in orbit, projected area, orbital altitude and orbital inclination.

It has a fairly substantial number of asteroids between the orbit of the Earth out through to the orbit of Jupiter.

Track

Tracks

Orbital

The following ESA geostationary satellites have been re orbited OTS 2 (orbiting 318 km above GSO), GEOS 2 (260 km), Meteosat 2 (334 km), ECS 2 (335 km) and Olympus 1 (due to a failure, this satellite has been left at orbit 213 km below GSO).

3.1.3 Deorbiting and reorbiting of space objects

A Tracking, Telemetry and Control (TT amp C) station is used to support polar satellites during the launch phase and when in service in their nominal orbits.

CD Track

orbital stations

We learn about its orbit, the period of its orbit and so on.

9. On orbit collision avoidance (for LEO)

38. The following ESA geostationary satellites have been reorbited so far OTS 2 (orbiting at 318 kilometres above GSO), GEOS 2 (260 kilometres), Meteosat 2 (334 kilometres), ECS 2 (335 kilometres) and Olympus 1 (because of a failure, this satellite has been left in an orbit 213 kilometres below GSO).

GEO satellite deorbit after EOL and

The upper stages or components of launch vehicles left in GTO may be either soon removed from orbit or, if removal is not possible, manoeuvred to prevent interference with systems in GEO.

And she was going along the tracks, and the tracks split.

The two tracks of policy are closely related expertise built up in one track represents a key condition for the strategy applied in the other.

For that purpose, mainly three modes of operations were developed first a tracking mode of operation to measure selected objects in low Earth orbit, in geosynchronous orbit and in geostationary transfer orbit.

In the case of higher orbits and if the re entry risk is allowable, the most feasible measure to avoid collision risk with other operating space systems is to reduce the orbital lifetime by reducing the perigee height of the orbit.

Orbit type

Orbital parameters

Soundtrack

Playing track

Source to Track

Select Track

Closing Track

Orbital mode

Orbital decay

Molecular Orbital

The orbits icon

Orbital position ...

The ESA ministerial level Council (October 1995) decided on a programme for the development of the Columbus orbital laboratory (COP) and the transfer vehicle (ATV), studies on a crew transfer type vehicle (CTV) and preparation for use of the orbital laboratory.

(g) Upper stages used to move geostationary satellites from GTO to GSO should be inserted into a disposal orbit at least 300 km above the geostationary orbit and freed of residual propellant.

In the United States, four groups of such satellites are deployed, namely, communications intelligence (COMINT) in the geostationary orbit (GSO) and signals or electronic intelligence (ELINT) satellites in the GSO and in high elliptical Earth (HEO) and low Earth (LEO) orbits.

It utilizes LEO store and forward satellites in polar orbit.

GTO upper stage deorbit

Some delegations noted that the use of the geostationary orbit, like other orbits, was affected by the problem of space debris and that efforts were needed to minimize the generation of debris in the orbit and to move satellites shortly before the end of their useful lives into disposal orbits beyond the geostationary orbit.

3.1.3 Deorbiting and reorbiting of space objects 101 103 25

If an identified object is predicted to pass within the warning box near the orbiter (25 kilometres along the orbit and 5 kilometres both radial and out of orbital plane), the Space Surveillance Network is requested to make additional observations and use them to compute a more accurate orbit of that object.