Growing use by retailers of own brands and discount retailing have also been driving prices down significantly.

This was evidence of resale price maintenance, which affects intrabrand competition and limits the right of the retailer to apply his own sale prices.

The Euro Retailer Produce Working Group (EUREP) is a European based trade organization for retailers.

The increased buying power of retailers has emerged through their role in negotiating prices and introducing own brand products.

In particular, online retail sales of physical goods amounted to approximately RMB5.08 trillion, while online retail sales of services amounted to nearly RMB1.49 trillion.

So we've started roundtables where we bring together the entire value chain, from producers all the way to the retailers and brands.

Some distribution markets have developed along vertical division lines, with specialized retailers and wholesalers around each product, for example in the brand name or automobile markets.

Due to the recent restructuring of retail activities, supermarkets saw their share rise from 20 per cent of total national food retailing in 1990 to 50 60 per cent of total turnover in 2002.

Some products enter the market through wholesalers who in turn distribute the products to a variety of retailers, while in other cases the producer sells directly to the retailer.

I also branded it, so I sold them for five times the normal cost.

These are 10 companies control much of what's in our grocery stores, much of what people eat. And that's really, really a problem.

In the food retail business, there has been an impressive expansion of supermarket chains.

If any of the profit from retail sale returns to drug trafficking organizations, perhaps from connected cells of retail distributors, the profitability of international drug trafficking will be greater.

The tortilla outlets selling that brand established their prices according to the association's recommendations.

(b) Drive sales of UNICEF cards and gifts with a special focus on broadening their distribution through retailers and the Internet

While the first operates fixed point of sale locations, non store retailers or retailers away from a fixed location reach customers and market merchandise with methods such as broadcasting infomercials , paper and electronic catalogues, door to door solicitation and selling from portable stalls.

The retail sector includes two main types of retailers store and non store retailers.

Producers are also engaging in direct sales to consumers through on line retailing, bypassing retailers.

The growing power of retailers has a significant effect on domestic suppliers, especially small ones or those that do not command strong brand products, by offering lower prices for their products.

(v) Education and training for retail staff in respect of energy efficient products

It is primarily a company that manufactures, bottles and resells the finished product to wholesalers and retailers in Costa Rica.

Store retail services can be classified according to size, business format, and product mix or specialization.

Retail trade 353

The top 100 retailers (see table 3) account for 25 per cent of worldwide retailing sales.

Its membership consists of growers, product marketing organizations and growers' cooperatives, food manufacturers and retailers.

Retail fuel dealers

Wholesale and retail trade

27. Retail and wholesale

Further, the Commission's investigation established that Panamco Tica was lending refrigerators to retailers and attaching exclusivity clauses to the contracts, which required retailers to use the refrigerator for Coca Cola products exclusively.

According to relevant regulations of the Indian government, establishing retail stores in India would entail procuring 30 of a product s parts and components in India.

This comprised 13.6 of total retail sales of consumer goods, up nearly 3 percentage points year on year.

The liberalization of the distribution sector in China has implied benefits for example, the development of different distribution formats, including specialty stores, the enhancement of local marketing and managerial capacity, and the possibility for domestic manufacturers to enter the international supply chain of foreign retailers (95 per cent of the products distributed by foreign retailers in China are locally sourced and foreign retailers export Chinese products abroad).

In most countries, the retail sector has typically developed in three stages first, local or regional players dominate, before a smaller number of national companies takes over, with e tailers ultimately challenging traditional businesses. But China lacks national leaders, with the top five Chinese retailers in different product categories commanding less than 20 of the market, compared to up to 60 in the US.

A small market already exists for tropical jams, syrups and other retail tropical fruit products.

With 15 million retail outlets, India has the highest retail outlet density in the world.

Wholesale and retail petrol

Retail trade and repair services

On line retailing is still in its infancy and represents a minor share of total sales, but it is significant for selected products, such as books and computers.

The aura of a brand is easily destroyed. One reaction has been to look for radically new marketing strategies, as in the case of the up market Jimmy Choo brand of women s shoes, now to be sold in a simpler guise by the low price mass retailer Hampamp M.

Significantly broaden distribution via retail and the Internet.

Rather, e tail supports incremental consumption 1 of online consumption seems to generate roughly 0.40 of additional sales. And incremental spending as a share of total spending is even higher in China s less developed cities, where a shortage of brick and mortar retailers means that online shopping provides access to otherwise unavailable products and brands.

The distribution sector includes commission agents, wholesalers and retailers who act as enablers of trade.

The informal retailing sector will have a role to play once markets are opened and formal retailing expands.

In Europe, for example, on line retailing accounts for 2 per cent of total grocery sales, but it is growing by 50 per cent annually.

Magical new retail