Perhaps most important, current retail petrol prices are readily visible.

Growing use by retailers of own brands and discount retailing have also been driving prices down significantly.

Cocaine seizures and retail prices in Europe, 1983 1994

Large retailers may also engage in selling below cost and predatory pricing whereby prices are cut aggressively to force competitors to sell at a loss.

Consumer demand has been the main factor responsible for lower prices in retailing.

However, the retail price (price to the consumer) at stage (d) of the same 25 kilogram bag is 15 to 20.

Retailers could exercise their power in setting prices at the local level.

A review of the retail sector in the last 20 years has revealed that the rise of e commerce was similar to the emergence of discount retailers many years ago both were focused on price and convenience.

Wholesale prices followed trends similar to those of retail prices.

The Commission sanctioned Panamco Tica by imposing a fine of 34,028,360 and compelled it to amend the relevant clauses in the contracts to specify that the price lists are merely recommended, and not compulsory, and that the price to be applied for resale is to be determined by the retailer.

Now just hang on to me tonight... and you'll have a great time, and at retail prices.

In such cases, the minimum effective reselling price may be that at which the goods are resupplied

Retailers operating internationally can also resort to so called transfer pricing.

During the investigation, it was discovered that Panamco Tica had included restrictive clauses in its contracts with retailers, binding them to resell the products at prices specified by Panamco Tica in regularly distributed price lists.

The guidance price of RMB1,499 was RMB200 higher than the previous retail price of RMB1,299.

(v) Education and training for retail staff in respect of energy efficient products

This was evidence of resale price maintenance, which affects intrabrand competition and limits the right of the retailer to apply his own sale prices.

As regards fuel, the average cost to UNMIBH is 0.31 per litre, whereas the retail price is 0.61 per litre.

4. Heroin seizures and retail prices in Europe, 1983 1994 6

9. Cocaine seizures and retail prices in Europe, 1983 1994 9

Energy and fuel prices and taxes

(b) Fixing real estate property prices on the date of sale

Topic 2 Resale price maintenance

They operate at the margin between ex factory and wholesale and retail prices.

In 2004, the retail market in Viet Nam was worth about 20 billion.

Figure 4. Heroin seizures and retail prices in Europe, 1983 1994

The European average real retail price of cocaine in 1994 was about 45 per cent of the 1983 price.

On the fully commercial side, the mobile revolution is creating a logistics revolution in farm to retail marketing. Farmers and food retailers can connect directly through mobile phones and distribution hubs, enabling farmers to sell their crops at higher farm gate prices and without delay, while buyers can move those crops to markets with minimum spoilage and lower prices for final consumers.

Furthermore, it was decided that further investigations to test the recommended retail price regime were necessary in order to ensure that realistic market prices prevailed in the market in Zambia.

Rising energy costs have directly affected prices for basic necessities and food.

The distribution sector includes commission agents, wholesalers and retailers who act as enablers of trade.

Not all countries have legislation prohibiting below cost selling, and large retailers can sustain controlled losses in certain product baskets in order to increase their market share.

If you're interested in what it costs I'm not selling them today but this unit, with the electronics and everything, if you buy one, is around a thousand bucks.

Increased costs, as described above, cannot be offset completely by raising retail prices of cards and gift products.

Retail and wholesale prices of cocaine, in contrast, declined fairly steadily in a similar manner to those of heroin, as shown in figure 9.

Retailers are able to access and tap different cost structures in different countries and are becoming global.

It is necessary to innovate supervision methods and working methods, strengthen the propagandization of price laws and regulations for online and offline commodity retail enterprises and e commerce platforms, urge operators to improve price promotion programs, and investigate and handle illegal activities such as making up original prices, misleading price indications, non performance of price commitments and other illegal acts.

In terms of retail sales, the prices of gasoline at No. 92 and No. 95 of Beijing CNPC and Sinopec gas stations are 7.66 yuan liter and 8.15 yuan liter respectively.

In practice, they are more likely to increase retail markups and lower cost pass through. The estimated price pass through for imported manufactured goods, which would better represent what enters the consumption bundle, is even lower than that for all non fuel imports.

Half of the homes will be sold at market price and will partly subsidize the other half, which will be sold below market price.

(a) Energy prices shall be allowed to reach a reasonable level

(c) Trading shipping costs, sales price negotiation, terms of sales (Somalia)

In 2002, for example, China's retail market was worth 4,000 billion, larger than all non Japan Asian countries combined, and represented 5 per cent of worldwide retail sales.

The retail sector includes two main types of retailers store and non store retailers.

Hence they cannot provide a basis for determining the value of crops, most of which would have been sold at local prices.