If you look at the first slide there, that's the temporal lobes, frontal lobes, parietal lobes, OK the lobes that constitute the brain.

It goes to the nucleus accumbens, all the way up to the prefrontal cortex, orbital frontal cortex, where decisions are made, high level.

And one of the main reasons our brain got so big is because it got a new part, called the frontal lobe. And particularly, a part called the pre frontal cortex.

And you know, of course, what'll happen if you do a pre frontal lobotomy.

Now, you go to this one and you see how much more the frontal lobes are lighting up.

So practicing throwing things has been shown to stimulate the frontal and parietal lobes, which have to do with visual acuity, 3D understanding, and structural problem solving, so it gives a sense it helps develop their visualization skills and their predictive ability.

If you are happy about something, you'll go more to the left side.

If you have a bout of depression, you'll go to the right side.

And you can see here, he's starting to get more energy into the frontal lobe.

If you see a comic movie, you go off to the left side.

Prefrontal cortex is an interesting brain area.

It had to add to the frontal part, so that you would have instincts, because they had to cope on land.

Now what does a pre frontal cortex do for you that should justify the entire architectural overhaul of the human skull in the blink of evolutionary time?

And he studied Alzheimer's patients that had frontal temporal lobe dementia.

So this is a model of the human brain, and this is prefrontal cortex, right at the front.

In very short, people who have more activity in the right side of the prefrontal cortex are more depressed, withdrawn. They don't describe a lot of positive affect.

One of the brain regions that changes most dramatically during adolescence is called prefrontal cortex.

So in my lab, we bring adolescents and adults into the lab to have a brain scan, we give them some kind of task that involves thinking about other people, their minds, their mental states, their emotions, and one of the findings that we've found several times now, as have other labs around the world, is part of the prefrontal cortex called medial prefrontal cortex, which is shown in blue on the slide, and it's right in the middle of prefrontal cortex in the midline of your head.

Well, it turns out the pre frontal cortex does lots of things, but one of the most important things it does is it is an experience simulator.

Three dimensional play fires up the cerebellum, puts a lot of impulses into the frontal lobe the executive portion helps contextual memory be developed, and and, and, and.

It's the opposite on the left side more tendency to altruism, to happiness, to express, and curiosity and so forth.

On your right hand side you can see a cucumber leaf, and on the middle, cotton leaf, and on the left a tomato leaf with these little stipplings.

The arrows indicate peak gray matter volume in prefrontal cortex. You can see that that peak happens a couple of years later in boys relative to girls, and that's probably because boys go through puberty a couple of years later than girls on average, and then during adolescence, there's a significant decline in gray matter volume in prefrontal cortex.

So MRI studies looking at the development of this region have shown that it really undergoes dramatic development during the period of adolescence.

So Beijerinck set out to discover the cause of tobacco mosaic disease.

The leaves fell.

And it actually never sheds those leaves, so it also bears the distinction of having the longest leaves in the plant kingdom.

Decorative Leaf

The tree leaves turned red.

Just very simply, the three parts of the brain the frontal lobe, where you focus your attention and concentration you have the temporal lobe, where you form images and keep memories and the posterior part of your brain, which contains the cerebellum, which controls motion and the brain stem, where you have your basic maintenance functions, like heartbeat and respiration.

Lots of stuff. There's a little leaf chair that golden looking thing is called Leaf.

The leaves fell to the earth.

Children who plan their own goals, set weekly schedules, evaluate their own work build up their frontal cortex and take more control over their lives.

There's another pile of leaves.

The leaves fall off the trees in the fall.

It's only leaves and branches.

SSI agents interrogated him about his Shia faith and about fellow Shia Muslims.

The reptilian part of our brain, which sits in the center of our brain, when it's threatened, it shuts down everything else, it shuts down the prefrontal cortex, the parts which learn, it shuts all of that down.

Lancet flukes aren't smart.

The Myth of the Shia Crescent

You prune away the weaker branches so that the remaining, important branches, can grow stronger, and this process, which effectively fine tunes brain tissue according to the species specific environment, is happening in prefrontal cortex and in other brain regions during the period of human adolescence.

When a tree's done using its leaves its solar collectors, these amazing molecular photon capturing devices at the end of a season, it doesn't pack them up, take them to the leaf reprocessing center and have them melted down to form new leaves.

It's called a lobotomy.

It's a primitive conifer.

Tea was introduced from China.