10.6 Pre Service Teacher Education

Professional qualification of a teacher is confirmed by a diploma of higher pedagogical education or a respective certificate.

Higher vocational education in the country is performed on the basis of general secondary, beginning vocational and secondary vocational education, and colleges of higher vocational schools and in State institutions of higher vocational education, including private institutions.

ii. Higher education (Higher Professional Education (HBO) and Universities)

The following levels of vocational education have been established in the Latvian educational system primary vocational education secondary vocational education higher professional education.

at higher institutions of learning

At establishments of higher education teachers receive only slightly higher salaries.

In senior forms (V VIII) education is carried out for individual subjects by teachers with finished pedagogical academy or teachers' faculty.

beginning vocational, secondary vocational, higher vocational education

The Law On Vocational Education regulates primary vocational education, secondary vocational education and higher professional education of the first level, as well as the awarding of the respective professional qualifications.

Upper secondary education includes a baccalaureate level and technical vocational education.

Remuneration of teachers In accordance with the Law On Education remuneration for teachers' work is established in line with the teacher's professional qualifications, the length of the in service time and the workload.

MAVO junior general secondary education VBO pre vocational education HAVO senior general secondary education (MAVO, VBO and HAVO have since been abolished and replaced by new, modified types of education) VWO pre university education, MBO secondary vocational education, HBO higher professional education, WO university.

Women comprise the vast majority of the teachers at the basic education level, but their participation decreases at the higher levels, which enjoy greater status.

One may also receive an education in State education facilities within the framework of State education standards on a competitive basis, as well as free secondary vocational training, a higher vocational education, and postgraduate vocational training if the given level of education is being obtained for the first time.

Employees of educational establishments In accordance with the Law On Education a person who has a pedagogical education or who is in the process of acquiring pedagogical education that corresponds to the requirements of professional qualifications prescribed by the CM, has the right to work as a teacher.

Even in typically female occupations such as nursing and teaching, gender wage equality does not exist.26 For example, in 2003 male nurses in the United States earned 12 per cent more than female nurses, and male teachers earned 14 per cent more than female teachers.18 The 1998 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Education Report suggested that teachers' salaries would be higher if teaching were a male profession.27

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) provided technical assistance in specific areas including the Education for All initiative, technical and vocational education and training, early childhood education, teacher training, adult literacy, inclusive education and higher education.

Higher education starts after the baccalaureate and comprises three levels higher technical, also known as associate vocational, the bachelor's degree and postgraduate.

347. With regard to children and youth, school, through teachers and tutors, assists the family in its educational functions.

Basic education services, as well as federalized upper secondary and vocational education, have been added to the services catering for the same levels previously existing in the states themselves.

Nevertheless, there is some discrimination against women, since they account for the highest percentage of teachers at the lowest levels of the educational system, representing 97 per cent of pre school teachers, 75 per cent of special education teachers and 65.3 per cent of general basic education (EGB) teachers, whereas women account for only 50 per cent of the teachers at all other educational levels.

All citizens of the country are guaranteed free general secondary and beginning vocational training, as well as, on a competitive basis (in the context of a State contractual award), secondary vocational training, higher education, and postgraduate education.

Teacher training colleges for primary school teachers as well as those training teachers for secondary, vocational and adult education stipulate that by the end of their training, aspiring teachers should have developed an understanding of the cultural, ethnic, social and emotional differences between students.

The teaching staff is ageing many teachers who work are close to the retirement age.

Primary education curricula, teacher training and inspection of teachers

The highest enrolment rate is in pre primary education and vocational education has the highest drop out rate (Figure 30).

In the education sector the pattern in many countries is that most teachers at the primary school level are female, with the proportion of male teachers increasing at higher levels of education.

Teacher training (Educational Sciences Faculty)

The Law On Establishments of Higher Education allows colleges supervised by higher education establishments to provide professional education for a period of time that is less than four years.

Full time teachers

However, in the present decade women have increased their representation in higher education by two percent.

Education necessary for teacher's work is acquired at educational establishments, which offer the respective accredited professional and academic study programmes.

Post secondary education (middle level professional education (MBO), higher level professional education and university) for the over 15 18s, subdivided into

The higher education system shall be composed of non university higher educational establishments providing teacher training, training in the humanities, the social sciences and technical and vocational or artistic training and institutions providing a university education, including universities and university institutes.

Beyond the specific objectives of the ESF programme, UNRWA continued to maintain and improve qualitative standards within its education system through its regular in service training programme, which benefited 575 teachers, head teachers, school supervisors and vocational training instructors during the reporting period.

Home economics teachers

Vocational education after a higher vocational institution makes it possible for citizens to enhance the level of their education on the basis of higher vocational education.

On the labour market professional education acquired by teachers is highly valued and the educational system often loses people with good management features, an innovative approach and creative potential.

In the academic year 2003 2004 there were 627 full time educational institutions providing general education, 38 educational institutions providing evening courses or distance learning, and 71 educational institutions providing vocational, higher vocational or specialised secondary education.

A person is enrolled in programmes of further vocational education that give a possibility of gaining the fourth level of professional qualifications and that are offered by colleges of higher education establishments, if the person has at least higher professional education of at least the first level.

We call on all governments to integrate peace and disarmament education into their systems of education at all levels of schooling, tertiary institutions, and teacher training programs.

Warning and educating parents and teachers.

Demonstrator in Education from 1957 1962

There were two full time language teachers, for English and French, and four part time teachers, including one for Arabic.