after your bridge bouts.

Of course, there is no theoretical limit on divergence. The problem is that exchange rate shifts now represent the only mechanism for reconciliation, and the divide between certain market valuations and their fundamentals has become so large that prices are vulnerable to bouts of volatility.

(e) Price volatility

Such bouts of racism can affect a whole community, in that particular case, Asian and Muslim.

Management of volatility and its effects on development

Where Did Market Volatility Go?

A combination of volatility and nuclear weapons can be lethal.

Indeed, a major disadvantage of voluntary pledges lies in their volatility.

The women who had been insulted (33 ) indicated the causes as bad temper (28 ), jealousy (20 ) and bouts of drunkenness (17 ).

They should also mitigate the impact of the excessive volatility of financial markets.

However, the volatility of exchange rates at times had destabilized trade flows.

Concern remained, however, about the degree of exposure to potential financial volatility.

Children (and adults) living with HIV AIDS, because of their weakened immune systems, are especially susceptible to the debilitating effects of persistent bouts of diarrhoea.

7. Finally, referring to the report on global financial integration (A 51 388), he recalled that at its previous session the General Assembly had adopted resolution 50 91 of 20 December 1995, in response to serious concern in capital importing countries, the international financial community and even financial market regulators, at the danger represented by bouts of volatility of the international financial mechanism arising from technical changes and financial deregulation.

Security problems and disruptions in production also increased price volatility.

(iv) Initiate measures that mitigate the impact of excessive volatility of short term capital flows.

Global financial flows and their impact on developing countries addressing the matter of volatility

11. In the context of its discussions on volatility and vulnerability, the Economic and Social Council agreed that the increased integration of the world economy has the potential for increased volatility, particularly in international financial markets .

(a) The promotion of a broader vision of macroeconomic stability to fuel growth and reduce volatility

The increasing magnitude of private flows to developing countries has been accompanied by increased volatility.

ECLAC has continued to carry out analytical and technical cooperation work regarding factors that promote growth and reduce volatility, i.e., the pronounced volatility of the business cycles of its member countries which has undermined their economies' ability to achieve sustained growth.

The aim should be to avoid volatility and to ensure stability and fairness.

Political tensions surged again during the 2003 presidential election, which concluded peacefully following bouts of violence and fears of fraud aroused by the candidacy of former military ruler Efraín Ríos Montt.

Effective measures were needed to reverse that trend and address the high volatility of external financial flows.

If the situation was not remedied, freer agricultural trade could magnify the volatility of world food prices.

The problem is that the inherent volatility of financial flows may make the daily changes excessively large.

Welcoming the initiative the Bretton Woods institutions have taken to address the question of the volatility of capital flows,

6. As of mid 1998, moreover, volatility of international financial flows had not subsided for more than short periods.

Lost in all of the hype was the fact that neither markets nor financial analysts were terribly perturbed about excessive exchange rate volatility or the possibility of an actual currency war. After the autumn of 2008, exchange rate volatility slowly receded toward pre crisis levels.

In fact, the competent international financial institutions had responded appropriately to recent market volatility.

This, however, was greatly undermined by commodity price volatility, tariff peaks and tariff escalations.

Speaking of risk, we have seen that price volatility of food crops in Africa is the highest in the world.

The assertion in the report that the volatility of capital flows threatened the development of developing countries was an exaggeration.

In that regard, analyses of volatility experienced in the past by some countries, e.g. in Latin America and the Caribbean region, show that while domestic liberalization was accompanied by international liberalization, macroeconomic stability has suffered several episodes of crisis led by volatility in capital flows.

Otherwise, liberalization and growth were likely to be interrupted and restrained by the cost of increased risk and volatility.

Moreover, the volatility of private capital could trigger international financial crises, as had happened recently in south east Asia.

During the consultations, speakers discussed both the long term and the short term dimensions of the problem of commodity price volatility.

5. The General Assembly thus requested the Secretariat to analyse current trends in global financial flows and the effect of their volatility on growth and development, and to recommend ways and means to address the volatility of those flows (see Assembly resolution 52 180, para. 13).

Diarrhoea morbidity rates are increasing children in developing countries average four to five debilitating bouts of diarrhoea per year, which can cause and exacerbate malnutrition and result in long term growth stunting.

He noted the continuing insecurity, the political and military volatility, mounting ethnic intolerance and the fragility of the transition process.

Developing countries were particularly vulnerable to the type of market volatility which had led to the crisis in East Asia.

Concerned about the excessive volatility of speculative short term capital flows and the contagion effects in financial markets in times of crisis,

In particular, the volatility of food and commodity prices, including petroleum prices, is seriously denting the financing capacity of many poor countries.

Multi year financing frameworks7 were designed, inter alia, to reduce the volatility of voluntary contributions to the largest programmes and funds.

In fact, short term portfolio investments imply increased volatility and create risks for national balance of payments and foreign exchange markets