Referring to corporate income made sense when company taxation was seen as a back stop within a system of progressive taxation of personal incomes. But most countries have now adopted dual income taxation that treat the fruits of capital more leniently than other personal income.

Corporate and income tax

All of this is true, but, given the possibility of a major overhaul of US corporate taxation, which President Barack Obama has proposed, we should revisit the conventional wisdom concerning the supposedly weak connection between corporate taxation and the financial crisis. Indeed, in my view, policymakers, academics, and the media have rejected too resolutely the idea that corporate taxation played no more than a minor role.

Has taught federal income taxation at University of Miami School of Law as Visiting Professor.

127. Periodical benefits are liable to taxation. Lump sum payments are not taxed as income.

Given that recent research shows that much of the burden of corporate taxation is borne by workers in the form of lower wages, Democrats should embrace tax reform as a way to support income growth. One could add to such a reform further support for low income Americans by increasing the Earned Income Tax Credit for single workers.

In Pakistan, prior to 1977, cooperative societies were exempted from income tax levies and Stamp Act taxation.

Previous positions include Deputy Director General, Foreign Investment Taxation Department Chief, Income Tax Division, Foreign Investment Taxation Department and Chief, Tax Policy and Tax Administration Divisions, Offshore Oil Tax Administration.

Those benefits are exempt from taxation and are in addition to income received from employment or other sources.

The liability of persons to income tax and the rates of taxation have varied from time to time.

According to the Treasurer, estimated unpaid corporate income taxes for 1996 constituted 10 million.

The idea of a common tax base must be preserved in order to simplify the system and narrow the scope for profit shifting. However, a radical change in approach is required the notion of income as a basis for corporate taxation should be scrapped altogether.

That is why a group of public intellectuals from around the world has created the Independent Commission for the Reform of International Corporate Taxation (ICRICT), which I chair. We believe that the world has an unprecedented opportunity to bring about significant reform of the international corporate taxation system that serves the global public interest, rather than national advantage.

But most countries have now adopted dual income taxation that treat the fruits of capital more leniently than other personal income. More importantly, the notion of corporate income is inherently arbitrary, for it is based on correct measurement of capital consumption in each tax period, which has become less and less reliable owing to the increased importance of intangibles in the value of companies.

Lan Min, the head of Personal Income Tax Division of Shanghai Tax Bureau of the State Administration of Taxation, said.

For example, a taxation and regulatory exchange would help countries to tackle tax avoidance and harmonize corporate taxation, while promoting information sharing and cooperation. Likewise, a cyber security data sharing platform could prove vital to understanding, preventing, and responding to cyber attacks.

The source principle binds the primary right to taxation to the territory of the country from which the income emanates derives.

Fiscal inspector in charge of the negotiation of agreements to avoid double taxation, Ministry of Finance Secretariat of Federal Income Tax.

Corporate fund raising proceeds were 83.0 million, or 13 per cent of the total income, in 2004.

Director General, International Taxation Department, State Administration of Taxation.

Nor has high taxation in the Nordic countries impeded economic performance. Rather than relying mainly on income taxation, as in the US, the Nordic countries rely on value added taxation, which provides a relatively high amount of revenue with relatively low rates of evasion and few distortions to the economy.

Among fiscal incentives, developed countries appear to prefer accelerated depreciation and specific deductions for corporate income tax purposes.

Minimal harmonization of tax laws (such as a common basis for assessing corporate taxation) and social policy (such as further liberalization of national labor markets to encourage labor mobility)

Smart Taxation

2. Taxation

B. Taxation

Taxation system

Taxation policy

Reducing the tax preferences for non corporate business entities (such as partnerships) that pass their income through to their owners individual returns would also broaden the tax base subject to the corporate income tax. Pass through companies now account for more than 80 of net business income (by far the highest share in the developed countries).

Other incentives include 90 per cent exemption from local corporate income taxes for 10 to 15 years for new manufacturers.

International taxation, etc.

To begin with, several significant fiscal taxation reforms are now underway or in the pipeline, such as an increase in the collection of state owned companies dividends and a hike in the resource tax on industries such as oil and coal mining, in order to reduce corporate savings. There will also be cuts in personal income tax in the next few years in order to increase households disposable income.

The European Commission is considering a common model of corporate taxation for the European Union that cannot possibly work. Instead, it should consider a simpler, and more viable, alternative that already exists.

1. Taxation and customs

Alternative types of taxation

V. Taxation of officials

There is no taxation.

The fact that a large share of business income is currently taxed as personal income makes it difficult to separate corporate tax reform from personal tax reform, as Obama and members of Congress would prefer to do. Moreover, keeping the two areas of reform separate rules out the approach adopted by several other developed countries, which have offset some of the revenue losses from cutting corporate tax rates by increasing taxes on corporate equity income at the personal shareholder level.

(i) Establishment of a fiscal policy to redistribute income and heavy taxation of unproductive and speculative financial capital with the reduction of taxes on basic consumer goods

The Israeli authorities are pursuing a taxation policy that the Arab citizens of the Golan cannot possibly afford, as it requires income far in excess of their earnings.

That had been accomplished by widening the tax base, improving administration efficiency, reducing corporate income tax, introducing a personal income tax of 10 per cent and keeping value added tax at 10 per cent.

International Taxation and Global Development

Why Taxation Must Go Global

3. Investment and taxation laws

The 1998 Ottawa Taxation Framework Conditions provide that rules for the consumption taxation of cross border electronic commerce should result in taxation in the jurisdiction where the consumption takes place.