Difficulties relating to the decision making process could not exonerate the United Nations.

The only effect of this judgment was to exonerate the European Community from liability under EC law.

It may only be invoked to exonerate from its responsibility a State which has failed to implement a treaty.

Because the Polish leaders refused to exonerate the Russians, Stalin accused the Poles of collaborating with the Germans in trying to shift the blame for Nazi crimes onto Russians.

While frustration stemming from the continuing political deadlock could be a factor in the deterioration of compliance that has been observed, it does not exonerate the parties of their responsibilities.

In the case of female genital mutilation and child marriage, such violence is culturally sanctioned. We must change laws, judicial systems, and attitudes that exonerate the perpetrators, and we must provide help to victims.

However, the Panel has also noted that the fact that other factors might have contributed to the loss or damage does not exonerate Iraq from liability for loss or damage that resulted directly from the invasion and occupation.

Numerous delegations pointed out that a reference in the instrument to acts by non State actors ought not under any circumstances to exonerate the State from responsibility, and that establishing direct responsibility for non State actors under the future instrument was not an option.