The second is the gamma ray burst experiment, consisting of two scintillation detectors to study celestial gamma ray bursts in the energy range of 20 3,000 kilo electronvolts.

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Launched in April 1996, it has made an important contribution toward solving one of astronomy s greatest enigmas by detecting for the first time X ray emission from the source producing a gamma ray burst, thus allowing astronomers worldwide to watch the fading visible light counterpart of the gamma ray burst.

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Integral (International Gamma ray Astrophysical Laboratory) to observe and analyse cosmic gamma ray sources

(e) In the International Gamma Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) project devoted to measuring the X ray and gamma ray deep space sources

Relatedly, the CGRO apos s Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) provided the first detailed all sky map of highly energetic gamma ray objects, pointing out several different types of gamma ray sources.

Within this band are gamma ray pulsars and other unidentified sources of gamma rays.

The X ray astronomy payload on board IRS P3 and the gamma ray burst detector and retarding potential analyser on board SROSS (Stretched Rohini Satellite Series) C2 satellite are providing valuable data to the scientists.

This applies to such techniques as gamma ray spectroscopy, passive gamma imaging and neutron multiplicity analysis.

The gamma ray burst experiment payload and the retarding potential analyser payload on board SROSS C2 satellite, launched in 1994, continues to provide valuable data to the scientists.

Scientists believe, for example, that the interactions of cosmic ray particles with gas between the stars produce diffuse gamma ray emissions from our Milky Way galaxy.

HARTRAO also makes supporting radio observations of objects currently being investigated by the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory.

These have included passive gamma ray spectrometry, passive and active neutron coincidence counting and neutron multiplicity measurements.

Under the terms of this programme, France supplied the telescope for the gamma ray study of the sky.

In other developments, scientists analyzing data from the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO), which was launched in April 1991, found new evidence that gamma ray bursts extend into the far reaches of the universe and thus bear an imprint of the universe apos s expansion.

Several gamma ray bursts of potential celestial origin have been detected in the energy range of 20 to 3,000 kilo electron volts.

The SROSS C2 satellite, put into orbit using the Indian launch vehicle ASLV D4, on 4 May 1994, is providing valuable scientific data in astronomy and aeronomy from its two payloads, one for conducting the gamma ray burst experiment and the other consisting of a Retarding Potential Analyser (RPA).

(c) Photo neutron interrogation photo induced neutron emission occurs when the energy of an incoming photon (X ray or gamma ray) is above a certain threshold and atoms of low atomic weight undergo photonuclear reactions that emit neutrons.

Turkey is also participating in the X ray astronomy satellite experiment, known as Spectrum X Gamma, under the coordination and leadership of the Russian Federation s Space Research Institute.

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Considerable work has been done on preparations for future missions, in particular the European X ray Multi Mirror Mission (X ray astronomy) and Integral (gamma radiation) programmes, the international Cassini Huygens mission to explore Saturn and Titan, or the European Rosetta mission to collect comet samples.

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Turkey is a participant of the x ray astronomy experiment called Spectrum X Gamma, built under the coordination and leadership of the Russian Federation apos s Cosmic Research Institute (IKI), Moscow.

The Russian committee for the international scientific research programme is conducting experiments aboard the European Integral space laboratory for continued observation and study of X ray and gamma radiation from space sources.

Experiments concerning examination of energetic particles and radiation from solar flares, localization of sources of intense transient emissions of gamma ray radiation, monitoring of galactic and extragalactic X ray diffuse background and examination of energetic neutral atoms in radiation belts (in cooperation with Italy) would be conducted on board.