The right to suffrage is personal and constitutes a civic duty.

Elections are held by direct or indirect, equal and secret, universal suffrage.

Thus, the institution of universal suffrage in 1991 represented significant progress, although admittedly it was only a start.

3. Further notes the inauguration in 1999 of a national Government based on village elections by universal adult suffrage

3. Further notes the inauguration in 1999 of a national Government based on village elections by universal adult suffrage

This Constitution re established universal suffrage for the election of the President of the Republic, deputies and their alternates.

For the first time ever, universal suffrage was introduced in the colonies including Ubangi Shari and the double balloting system was abolished.

This Constitution, which remained in force until 15 March 2003, confirmed, in the preamble, that universal suffrage is the only source of political legitimacy.

Elections are held by secret ballot, at intervals of not more than four years, by universal suffrage for those aged 18 years and over.

The President shall be elected for a five year term, which may be renewed once by universal, free, direct and equal suffrage by secret ballot

But today s young democracies have to do everything much faster. They don t have the luxury of restricting suffrage to property owners, or to more educated citizens.

Under this Constitution, the President of the Republic was elected by direct universal suffrage for a six year term there were no limits on re election.

The National Assembly is composed of 92 men and women representatives, elected by universal, equal, direct, free and secret suffrage, under the system of proportional representation.

With regard to executive power, article 20 of the Constitution provides that the Central African people shall elect the President of the Republic by direct universal suffrage.

With regard to the legislature, article 46 provides that the Central African people elect, by means of direct suffrage, the citizens who sit in Parliament and who bear the title of deputies .

After the adoption of the New Constitution in 1990, a multi party system was introduced, with general elections based on universal suffrage for both the Parliament as for the Presidency of the Republic.

Recalling the inauguration in 1999 of a national legislative body, the General Fono, based on village elections by universal adult suffrage and the assumption by that body in June 2003 of full responsibility for the Tokelau budget,

Recalling the inauguration in 1999 of a national legislative body, the General Fono, based on village elections by universal adult suffrage and the assumption by that body in June 2003 of full responsibility for the Tokelau budget,

Recalling the inauguration in 1996 of a national legislative body, the General Fono, based on village elections by universal adult suffrage and the assumption by that body in June 2003 of full responsibility for the Tokelau budget,

Recalling the inauguration in 1999 of a national legislative body, the General Fono, based on village elections by universal adult suffrage and the assumption by that body in June 2003 of full responsibility for the Tokelau budget,

Recalling the inauguration in 1999 of a national legislative body, the General Fono, based on village elections by universal adult suffrage and the assumption by that body in June 2003 of full responsibility for the Tokelau budget,

These fundamental rights are part and parcel of democratic government. But when it comes to economic development, these fundamental rights are more important than other purely political aspects of democracy, such as universal suffrage and genuine political competition.

But, despite its promise of universal suffrage, the Basic Law restricts democratic development during the first ten years after the handover of Hong Kong to China. As a result, full democracy is to be permitted only in 2007.

(ii) Guaranteeing the right to vote freely and to be elected in a free and fair process at regular intervals, by universal and equal suffrage, conducted by secret ballot and with full respect for the right to freedom of association

Compared with all the other political regimes known to mankind, democracy represents ethical progress twice over first, because it is based on respect for human rights and secondly, because the universal suffrage that modern democracy embraces prohibits neglecting or oppressing minorities.

These same domestic legal instruments affirm that universal suffrage is the sole source of political legitimacy and that all human beings are equal before the law, without distinction on the grounds of race, ethnic origin, regional origin, sex or religion.

Nor is any Indian election complete without the media publishing at least one picture of a female voter whose enthusiasm for the suffrage is undimmed by the fact that she is old, blind, crippled, toothless, purdah clad, or any combination of the above.

The 1964 Constitution established universal suffrage for the election of the President of the Republic in a single round of voting, whereas the National Assembly was elected on the basis of a single national list presented by the Social Evolution Movement of Black Africa (MESAN).

China has yet to follow through on its second promise that Hong Kong would elect its chief executive by universal suffrage by 2017. Instead, a committee initially comprising 800 members, but since expanded to 1,200 selects the chief executive in accordance with the Chinese government s wishes.

The Parliament consisted of two chambers the National Assembly, made up of deputies elected by universal suffrage, and the Economic and Social Council, half of which was made up of elected councillors and the other half of government appointees their term of office was five years.

In 1954, they were unified in a modern parliamentary democracy, consisting of a House of Chiefs appointed from among the traditional leaders, a House of Assembly elected by universal suffrage, and a government led by a Prime Minister appointed and dismissed by the Queen of England.

Just a half century earlier, one could count the number of Western democracies on one s fingers. And even these were imperfect using the most basic democratic yardstick universal suffrage the United States could not be seen as truly democratic until the civil rights victories of the 1960 s.

Reaffirms that the will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of Government and that this shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections, which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures

7. Reaffirms that the will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government and that this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections, which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures

8. Reaffirms that the will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government and that this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections, which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.

7. Reaffirms that the will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government and that this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections, which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.

The Hong Kong government could call for changes to increase the openness and fairness by which the Chief Executive is chosen, without abandoning its current method in favor of universal suffrage. According to the Basic Law, the election committee should be broadly representative a provision that the committee s current composition violates.

The best case would be if China agreed to universal suffrage no later than the 2011 and 2012 elections, gaining legitimacy in Hong Kong by backing reform of the political system. While China's rulers may fear losing control, they also need to recognize that the current system is causing intense discontent.

It is surprising that 17 years after the handover of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to China, Hong Kong still does not have a directly elected legislature. In December 1992, Margaret Thatcher suggested in a speech in the House of Lords that, if all went well, Hong Kong could have universal suffrage by 2007.

Kuwait s political system is considered the most modern among the Arab Gulf sheikhdoms and monarchies, because all citizens men and women alike elect its parliament. Elections with universal suffrage, combined with a relatively free press, meant that the succession became a public issue, debated in the media and by academics for months as Sheikh Jaber was dying.

For nearly 60 years, universal suffrage has made successive French presidents the modern equivalents of elected monarchs, men who have concentrated in their hands more power than their counterparts in any other democratic country. Chirac s shortening of the presidential term from seven to five years has, paradoxically, resulted in an even greater concentration of presidential power.

In April 2004, China's legislators ruled out universal suffrage in Hong Kong's 2007 election of its chief executive, as well as for its 2008 Legislative Council election. They acknowledged that under the city's special constitution, the Basic Law, these elections could be the first opportunities for the territory to choose its representatives according to the principle of one person, one vote.

Events have certainly moved at a brisk pace in recent months, with one obstacle after another to a lasting deal seeming to come down. Yasir Arafat s death was followed by the choice of his successor in a direct election with universal suffrage, which was accompanied by Israel s decision one unique in the world to help, not hinder the democratic process in territories it occupies.

The survey also showed that although China's government ruled out universal suffrage in the 2007 and 2008 elections, over 40 of respondents still wanted democracy by then, with nearly 20 more wanting it by the next round of elections in 2011 and 2012. Furthermore, the majority did not think democratization would hurt the economy, although there were clear concerns that political instability could arise from China's intervention in Hong Kong affairs.

Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted on 10 December 1948,Resolution 217 A (III). in particular the principle that the will of the people, as expressed through periodic and genuine elections, shall be the basis of government authority, as well as the right freely to choose representatives through periodic and genuine elections, which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures,