Antarctic ocean

Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition

Since the Twenty fifth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition and its member groups have participated in and monitored work carried out under the Antarctic Treaty system.

Or the Antarctic, where the continent is protected, but the surrounding ocean is being stripped of its krill, whales and fish.

Antarctic Treaty

Antarctic Circle

The majority of Antarctic seaborne voyages are to the Antarctic Peninsula region.

These curves for global temperature, atmospheric CO2 and sea level were derived from ocean cores and Antarctic ice cores, from ocean sediments and snowflakes that piled up year after year over 800,000 years forming a two mile thick ice sheet.

WMO continues to cooperate with Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programmes and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission.

Antarctic tour operators continued to support operations and programmes in the Antarctic by providing transport.

Through its Standing Committee on the Antarctic Treaty System, the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research will continue to bring key scientific issues to the attention of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings.

E. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research

International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators

State of the Antarctic environment report

A management plan for all Antarctic Specially Protected Areas and new Antarctic Specially Managed Areas is required by Annex V.

Lee Hotz Inside an Antarctic time machine

Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programmes

Recent developments pertaining to the Antarctic environment

H. Conservation of Antarctic fauna and flora

Antarctic tourism and other non governmental operations

The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research and the Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programmes organized a workshop on biological monitoring.

The Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programmes worked closely with the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research in providing the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting and the Committee for Environmental Protection with technical papers on emerging issues.

Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

C. Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals

Since the Twenty fourth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, three new Antarctic Specially Protected Areas and two new Antarctic Specially Managed Areas were designated, including the McMurdo Dry Valleys that form the largest relatively ice free region in Antarctica.

The newly established and operational Secretariat will become a central repository of Antarctic information in particular with regard to Antarctic Treaty meetings and activities.

In addition, it has further strengthened cooperation with the Antarctic Treaty parties, through participating as an observer in the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings and the meetings of the Committee for Environmental Protection, and assisting the newly established Antarctic Treaty secretariat.

This was this is south of the Antarctic Circle.

Activities of the Antarctic Treaty system and international bodies

Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources

All require Antarctic data to ensure true global perspective.

Additional geodetic and climatological information is generated from the former, which leads to the availability of some important climatic change indicators, such as anomalies in ocean topography (e.g. el Niño and la Niña) or in ice melting (e.g. Antarctic caps).

404. The Madrid Protocol on Environment Protection to the Antarctic Treaty entered into force on 14 January 1998, following ratification by the 26 Antarctic Treaty consultative Parties.

Ocean

Ocean

Ocean.

Nobody imagined that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet was this dynamic.

Based on the Council's review, new Guidelines for Ships Operating in Arctic and Antarctic Ice covered Waters were developed and endorsed by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting in 2004.

In addition, the Coalition is actively seeking the curbing of illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing activities in the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources Convention area and the regulation by Antarctic Treaty States of the rapidly growing Antarctic tourism industry and of the bioprospecting industry.

The Antarctic area, to which the Protocol applies, is defined by reference to article VI of the Antarctic Treaty and is situated in the area south of 60 South Latitude.

The Antarctic Treaty, negotiated in 1959, prohibits any and all military activities in Antarctica and forbids the establishment of any borders. Three agreements the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972), the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR, 1980), and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (PEP, 1991), which prohibits any activity relating to mineral resources have since been added to the treaty.

New guidelines for the designation of Antarctic specially protected species were adopted.

An Antarctic site inventory containing biological data and site descriptive information of 93 sites on the Antarctic Peninsula was prepared and is being updated by the United States and United Kingdom.

Pacific Ocean

Indian ocean