(c) Transboundary aquifer or transboundary aquifer system means, respectively, an aquifer or aquifer system, parts of which are situated in different States

(a) With respect to a recharging transboundary aquifer or aquifer system, shall take into account the sustainability of such aquifer or aquifer system and shall not impair the utilization and functions of such aquifer or aquifer system

(c) The population dependent on the aquifer or aquifer system in each aquifer State

Aquifer States shall protect and preserve ecosystems within a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system.

(a) The natural condition of the aquifer or aquifer system

(d) The effects of the utilization of the aquifer or aquifer system in one aquifer State on other aquifer States concerned

Aquifer States shall agree on harmonized standards and methodology for monitoring a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system.

(e) The existing and potential utilization of the aquifer or aquifer system

For the purpose of managing a particular transboundary aquifer or aquifer system, aquifer States in whose territories such an aquifer or aquifer system is located are encouraged to enter into a bilateral or regional arrangement among themselves.

They are encouraged to establish a development plan for such aquifer or aquifer system, taking into account the agreed lifespan of such aquifer or aquifer system as well as future needs of and alternative water sources for the aquifer States.

Aquifer States shall, in undertaking other activities in their territories that have or are likely to have an impact on a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system, take all appropriate measures to prevent the causing of significant harm through that aquifer or aquifer system to other aquifer States.

Aquifer States shall, in their respective territories, utilize a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system in a reasonable manner and, in particular

Aquifer States shall identify recharge zones of a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system and, within these zones, shall take special measures to minimize detrimental impacts on the recharge process and also take all measures to prevent pollutants from entering the aquifer or aquifer system.

Aquifer States shall, in utilizing a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system in their territories, take all appropriate measures to prevent the causing of significant harm to other aquifer States.

Even if a domestic aquifer or aquifer system is linked to an international watercourse in the territory of a State where such an aquifer or aquifer system is located, it would fall outside the scope of the draft convention.

(d) Aquifer State means a State Party to the present Convention in whose territory any part of a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system is situated

Any State in whose territory such an aquifer or aquifer system is located is entitled to participate in the negotiation and to become a party to arrangements when such arrangements are likely to prejudice their positions vis à vis that aquifer or aquifer system.

Any State in whose territory such an aquifer or aquifer system is located is entitled to participate in the negotiation and to become a party to arrangements when such arrangements are likely to prejudice their positions vis à vis that aquifer or aquifer system.

Aquifer States shall, individually and, where appropriate, jointly, prevent, reduce and control the pollution of a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system that may cause significant harm to other aquifer States or to their environment.

Aquifer States shall, individually and, where appropriate, jointly, prevent, reduce and control the pollution of a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system that may cause significant harm to other aquifer States or to their environment.

Pursuant to article 8, aquifer States shall, on a regular basis, exchange readily available data and information on the condition of the transboundary aquifer or aquifer system, in particular that of a geological, hydrogeological, hydrological, meteorological and ecological nature and related to the hydrochemistry of the aquifer or aquifer system, as well as related forecasts.

Aquifer States shall, in their respective territories, utilize a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system in a manner such that the benefits to be derived from such utilization shall accrue equitably to the aquifer States concerned.

Previously, the legal fiction that an aquifer system also includes a single aquifer was employed for the sake of economy.

Accordingly, the Special Rapporteur feels that the definition of transboundary aquifer and transboundary aquifer system in subparagraph (c) would suffice.

Such arrangement may be entered into with respect to an entire aquifer or aquifer system or any part thereof or a particular project, programme or use except insofar as the arrangement adversely affects, to a significant extent, the use by one or more other aquifer States of the water in that aquifer or aquifer system, without their express consent.

Paragraph 1 calls upon aquifer States to cooperate among themselves to enter into bilateral or regional arrangements for the purpose of managing a particular transboundary aquifer or aquifer system.

Aquifer States shall identify discharge zones of a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system and, within these zones, shall take special measures to minimize detrimental impacts on the discharge process.

(g) The availability of alternatives, of comparable value, to a particular existing and planned utilization of the aquifer or aquifer system.

Aquifer States shall undertake to establish plans and implement these plans for the proper management of a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system in accordance with the provisions of the present Convention.

These parameters shall include extent, geometry, flow path, hydrostatic pressure distribution, quantities of flow and hydrochemistry of the aquifer or aquifer system.

(f) The development, protection and conservation of the aquifer or aquifer system and the costs of measures to be taken to that effect

Aquifer States shall cooperate on the basis of sovereign equality, territorial integrity, mutual benefit and good faith in order to attain reasonable utilization and adequate protection of a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system.

In the absence of agreement or custom to the contrary, no utilization of a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system enjoys inherent priority over other utilization.

They shall also ensure adequate quality and sufficient quantity of discharge water to protect and preserve outside ecosystems dependent on the aquifer or aquifer system.

In the absence of agreement or custom to the contrary, no utilization of a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system enjoys inherent priority over other utilization.

Assessments of the potential effects of planned activities on a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system would be crucial to ensure the sustainable use of those resources.

He proposed deleting the word harmonized from draft article 10, paragraph 1, since the establishment of universally applicable standards and methodologies for monitoring a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system might impose too great an obligation on aquifer States and, given the differences between aquifers and aquifer systems in the respective aquifer States, might not be practical.

Each transboundary aquifer or aquifer system was different, in both the scientific and social aspects, and there was no one solution for proper sharing of the resource.

When an aquifer State has reasonable grounds for believing that a particular planned activity in its territory may cause adverse effects on a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system, it shall, as far as practicable, assess the potential effects of such activity.

(b) With respect to a non recharging transboundary aquifer or aquifer system, shall aim to maximize the long term benefits derived from the use of the water contained therein.

Utilization of a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system in an equitable and reasonable manner within the meaning of article 5 requires taking into account all relevant factors and circumstances, including

As far as possible, account must be taken of the specific features of the aquifer or aquifer system concerned and the particular relations between the aquifer States, the level of their socio economic development and related factors, priorities for the utilization of the aquifer for a specific period of time, and many other factors.

In the event of a conflict between utilization of a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system, it shall be resolved with special regard being given to the requirements of vital human needs.

The Nordic countries also welcomed the fact that the draft articles took into account the need to protect and preserve ecosystems within a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system and provided for the obligation to prevent, reduce and control the pollution of such aquifers or aquifer systems that might cause significant harm to other aquifer States or to their environment.

They shall, at the request by any of them, enter into consultations concerning the management of a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system, which may include the establishment of a joint management mechanism.