(a) Obligations stipulated in Article 13 (1)(a) and (b) and liability arising from the breach thereof or limitation of that liability

Principle 36 Rights and duties arising out of the obligation to make reparation

PRINCIPLE 36. RIGHTS AND DUTIES ARISING OUT OF THE OBLIGATION TO MAKE REPARATION

Principle 33 Rights and duties arising out of the obligation to make reparation

PRINCIPLE 33. RIGHTS AND DUTIES ARISING OUT OF THE OBLIGATION TO MAKE REPARATION

If the shipper does not fulfill this obligation, it may be held liable.

Expenditure report 2003

This makes it difficult to link the obligation with a strict liability.

A key component of the right to compensation is the duty of all States to provide a procedure by which claims can be brought.

The obligation to provide the information is covered by the general liability in paragraph 1.

States might be made responsible for instituting a juridical basis and establishing an obligation of compensation.

SMJ and Mitsui sued Norsul on the bill of lading, claiming damages in contract or tort, or for breach of duty as bailee.

The UNCC secretariat also commented that, moreover, the Office of Legal Affairs had confirmed in a legal opinion dated 14 June 2002 that the obligation to pay awards of compensation (including interest) was an obligation of Iraq and not of UNCC or the United Nations as a whole.

Any human rights violation gives rise to a right to reparation on the part of the victim or his beneficiaries, implying duty on the part of the State to make reparation and the possibility of seeking redress from the perpetrator.

Any human rights violation gives rise to a right to reparation on the part of the victim or his or her beneficiaries, implying a duty on the part of the State to make reparation and the possibility for the victim to seek redress from the perpetrator.

States shall, with respect to claims by victims, enforce domestic judgements for reparation against individuals or entities liable for the harm suffered and endeavour to enforce valid foreign legal judgements for reparation in accordance with domestic law and international legal obligations.

An employer shall pay compensation for damages incurred if he she fails in the above obligations.

(k) Breach of the obligation to provide adequate compensation to victims of violations of the right to life.

(b) Performance of the obligation of reparation in accordance with the preceding articles, in the interest of the injured State or of the beneficiaries of the obligation breached.

6. Paragraph 1 applies

However, article 14 of the Convention not only recognizes the right to fair and adequate compensation but also imposes on States the duty to guarantee compensation for the victim of an act of torture.

1. The responsible State is under an obligation to make full reparation for the injury caused by the internationally wrongful act.

A strict liability that covers most of the obligations in article 30 would put too much burden on the shipper, taking into account that the carrier's liability is based on negligence.

J. Compensation for victims of terrorist acts

(a) is consistent with the UNCC's mandate

17. States shall, with respect to claims by victims, enforce domestic judgements for reparation against individuals or entities liable for the harm suffered and endeavour to enforce valid foreign legal judgements for reparation in accordance with domestic law and international legal obligations. To that end, States should provide under their domestic laws effective mechanisms for the enforcement of reparation judgements.

Similarly, it has been proposed that the obligations of the shipper, which are much more extensive and detailed than under existing maritime liability regimes, shall be mandatory.

The difference between the selected higher amounts and the lower amounts will be set off against any awards recommended to the claimants for their category C late claims .

States shall, with respect to claims by victims, enforce domestic judgements for reparation against individuals or entities liable for the harm suffered and endeavour to enforce valid foreign legal judgements for reparation in accordance with domestic law and international legal obligations.

It was pointed out that, in some legal systems, certain professional categories (e.g., notaries public in certain civil law countries) were under an obligation to purchase third party liability insurance or to participate in a common compensation fund for indemnifying parties injured as a result of their acts.

The Office of Internal Oversight Services report on the advisory services stated that, as the Office had informed UNCC in the past, there was no procedure within UNCC to take action against claimants filing false claims.

LEGAL FRAMEWORK Mandate of the Panel The mandate of the Panel is to review the F4 claims and, where appropriate, recommend compensation.

Their obligations may then call for some form of reprimand for the actions of the agents, and even for compensation.

The State has an obligation to provide reparation for injury caused by any malfunctioning of the justice system.

Paragraph 1 is not applicable to duties, rights, obligations and liabilities under articles 13, 25, 26, 27, .

Such restitution should include the return of property or payment for the harm or loss suffered, reimbursement of expenses incurred as a result of the victimization, the provision of services and the restoration of rights.

Regarding the modalities of compensation, section 5, subsection 1, provides that compensation vouchers will be issued for the total amount of compensation.

40. The right to reparation entails both individual measures and general, collective measures.

Reparation

Of these claims, the Panel recommends awards of compensation for two claims, while no awards are recommended for the remaining 16 claims.

Prior to the biennium 2002 2003, the financial statements of the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC) were included in the financial statements of the United Nations.

Consequently, the Panel recommends an award of compensation in favour of the deceased detainee in respect of the lost income from the rental agreements, but not for the businesses themselves.

Sixteen States indicated that restitution also included the provision of services.

In accordance with article 2, paragraph 3 (a), of the Covenant, the State party is under an obligation to provide the author with an effective remedy, including adequate compensation, inter alia for the time of his detention and imprisonment.

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