562. Libraries are often the only cultural facilities in rural areas.

Providing the conditions for rural women to play a part in the modernization of the countryside

Both rural men and women are equal beneficiaries of the rural electrification programme.

Poverty and ethnic and cultural disparities are not confined to rural areas, however.

The main goal of the movement is to preserve, revive and contribute to the harmonious development of Estonian rural and village life, as well as support rural economy, village movement and national culture.

In addition to informing the public about the movement of Estonian rural women and the history of farm culture, the organisation also helps to solve social problems in the countryside.

In 2000, the theme in Latvia was the Historical Latvian Rural Cultural Landscape.

(f) To take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to modify or abolish existing laws, regulations, customs and practices which constitute discrimination against women

228. Nor are there large differences between the two sexes within each level according to place of residence. 58.0 of women and 54.4 of men in rural areas had completed their primary education.

(b) The low level of social awareness among rural women and their high illiteracy rate, which is 42 per cent, as compared with 17 per cent among men in rural areas

Sustainable modernization of agriculture and rural transformation in Africa

A communication strategy was drawn up for the development of rural women with a view to securing their equality with men and changing the cultural traditions which discriminate against rural women and conceal the triple role which they play in rural life.

(a) Illiteracy rates Blacks, 43 per cent in rural areas and 23.2 per cent in urban areas Whites, 20 per cent in rural areas and 7.3 per cent in urban areas

In addition, a series of technical papers on various aspects of rural ageing was published on the FAO website.

177. The principal objectives pursued by rural NGOs include cultural diversity, income generation, rural development, irrigation and technical irrigation works, decision making, literacy, organization and management.

To create sound living conditions in the village (aul) on the basis of the optimized rural settlement, the State Programme for Development of Rural Areas for 2004 2010 has been under implementation since 2004.

Taking the lead in gender mainstreaming, in 2003 the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development designed and began to implement its strategy to mainstream gender in the field of agriculture and rural development .

The FAO Project for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development in Mountain Regions has launched a new database of documentation on policies for sustainable agriculture and rural development in mountains.

Traditional roles in rural areas were changing.

As a consequence of the rural exodus and the transformation of rural areas into small cities and villages, the rural population has decreased from 24 in 1991 to 18 in 2000 (IBGE, Demographic Census).

Particularly, with a view to improving gender equality and position of women in rural areas, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) adopted a Gender Strategy in Agriculture and Rural Development to 2010 and Gender Plan of Action in Agriculture and Rural Development to 2005.

Protection of children and young persons against discrimination based on their descent 334 336 75

The spread of agro industry and rural industrialization has increased the possibilities for women to access cash income through self employment or the setting up of rural enterprises.

Rural

in rural areas

From Beroun.

Empowerment of rural women within the context of globalization

INARI International Agency for Rural XXXIX(II)

Rural women and sustainable development , paper presented to the Conference on Rural Sustainable Development, Alexandria, Egypt, 1992

For economic, social and cultural reasons, women apos s participation rate was much higher in urban areas than in rural areas. In 1990, the percentage of women in the economically active population in rural areas increased to 16.7 per cent, whereas the figure for men was 62.5 per cent.

Their development will be closely related to the processes of restructurization in villages and will restore the natural function of small towns, which is to serve the villages delivering economic, cultural and social services and taking over migrations of people.

However the change has been more significant for rural women.

Rural and agricultural development

Agriculture and rural development

With a view to creating jobs, raising income and shifting the economic structure towards agricultural and rural industrialization. The Government will consider issuing a Decree on Encouraging the Development of Rural Industries.

In relation to farmers who had benefited from the extension program, numbers suggest predominance of men in relation to women, which has to do with the higher number of men working as extensionists, as well as the high rate of illiteracy among rural women and cultural concerns of communities.

(e) Division of Peasant Women and Rural Organization, in the Ministry of Agriculture, which encourages productive projects run by peasant women.

Everyday life in the village differs from that in the city, but the situation is gradually improving. Today, virtually all rural residents have electricity, and two thirds have gas.

The Population Programme Service of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is preparing two papers to examine the interrelationships between the ageing of rural populations, agricultural production, and food security.

R rural areas

Rural areas

In this context, the diversification towards rural non farm activities, initially based on the processing of agricultural resources, is of crucial importance.

During the days of cultural heritage those rural territories were brought to the foreground where inhabitants were aware of the aesthetic and also the commercial value of a cultural historical landscape that has been taken care of.

a The 1991 data are not census data, and some rural zones (rural coast, rural Sierra region in emergency zones and jungle) that would raise the illiteracy rate have been omitted from the test group.

Rural development and agriculture