(i) Forced and bonded labour

The law on labour guarantees equal pay for equal work, i.e., for work of the same duration, intensity and difficulty.

The only exception is found in section II, concerning women and children working in agricultural and domestic jobs, which allows women, and minors between the ages of 12 and 14, to work in such jobs in accordance with the provisions of chapter II of the Labour Code (Working women and children) concerning working hours, wages, contracts and types of work.

Wages should be no lower than the minimum wage.

The Department of Supervision of Labor Laws in the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labor

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Criminals were sent to labour reform institutions, where they worked under strict supervision and were remunerated for their efforts.

Labor Law

The workforce

The status of dynamic mode.

Advances must be made in attitudes, but also in technology, to free women from household chores.

In recent years, Nicaragua's labour market has become more precarious and more informal.

The Government will aid in this process by further eliminating rigidities in the labour market.

Domestic work and secondary activities

In the view of the STPS education and training are fundamental factors in the development of the potentialities, skills, abilities, values and attitudes of the workers. Against this background the STPS is responsible for the framing of public policy on training for the men and women workers of the country.

Labour conditions

Handicrafts Wage earners Domestic

Working class.

MST Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra Movement of non Landowners Rural Workers

The Labour Department of the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare is implementing a programme for working women to ensure compliance with labour law provisions, focusing on the social aspect of the Labour Code, and is also taking the necessary measures to enforce the law and to avoid labour problems and disputes.

During the last years, there has been an increase in female labor participation in the labor market is one of the main changes in this field in Brazil.

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Forced and bonded labour Rights of migrant workers, including domestic workers

I don't want to work.

Ministry of Labor and Employment (Ministério de Trabalho e Emprego)

Wage earners

V. FORCED LABOUR

(i) Re education through labour

Article 4 of the Law On Labour Protection establishes the general labour protection principles that the employer follows in undertaking labour protection measures.

Another convention which Panama has not ratified is the ILO Maternity Protection Convention (Revised), 1952 (No. 103), which applies to industrial firms and to non industrial and agricultural work, to women wage earners working at home and to women domestic employees.

A potential employee is required to submit documents that verify that the individual is capable of doing a given type of work.

By doing the housework women make it easier for the other members of the family to carry on their productive work and other activities.

To conclude, when the work done by women is added to their domestic work recorded in the EIP statistics, the result is comparable with the volume of productive work done by men.

In 2003, the Israeli civil workforce totaled 1.4 million men and 1.2 million women.

Speakers also called attention to the changing dynamics of the global labour market and the lack of an international strategy for employment and migration.

One general assessment made by labour and labour protection inspection authorities is that measures to secure health protection and work security are not sufficient.

The State Labour Inspection supervises the compliance with these requirements pursuant to the Law On State Labour Inspection and Regulations of the CM On State Labour Inspection.

(a) predominantly male. 67.6 of the workforce is male, and the female participation rate is only 19.2 , although the proportion of female workers has been increasing since 1987.

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