Such tax induced distortions would lead to an inefficient regional allocation of investment and possible tax competition.

Regionally funded investment guarantees and non discriminatory region wide tax incentives would also impact favourably on the region's investment climate.

Major revenue areas import duties, accommodation tax and embarkation tax grew by 16.5, 65.1 and 15.2 per cent, respectively.10

The 1998 Ottawa Taxation Framework Conditions provide that rules for the consumption taxation of cross border electronic commerce should result in taxation in the jurisdiction where the consumption takes place.

A National Finance Commission will ensure that revenue is shared by the central Government with the regions, to supplement the taxes collected locally.

Taxes, revenues, uncollectible taxes and tax credits

Tax offices have begun to open in minority areas.

1. Taxation and customs

There are no income, estate or capital gains taxes.

The tax system should be reformed by increasing reliance on income progressive taxes, restructuring the property tax and introducing reasonably progressive taxes.

In the West African subregion, loopholes in transit procedures have often led to illegal diversion of transit goods within the transit countries and thus to substantial losses of revenue through evasion of customs duties.

Tax revenue

(a) Implementation of market mechanisms in such fields as pricing, standards, taxation, policy and

There is no income tax, and customs duties account for about 35 per cent of government revenues other significant revenue sources are company fees, land and stamp taxes, employment tax, a hospital levy, vehicle licence fees and taxes on hotel occupancy, passenger departures and cigarette sales.

The GCG duties would include, among other things inter alia

Second, it was necessary to achieve greater regional coordination in the fields of taxation and incentives for FDI in order to prevent a race to the bottom and to expand production capacities in those countries through intraregional trade.

For the first time since Dayton, new revenue distribution arrangements (customs revenues and most excise and sales tax revenues) have been launched.

the service fields previously having a business tax have uniformly levied value added taxes. The business tax that has been implemented for more than 60 years has been virtually eliminated,

Revenue from businesses and entry taxes

This drop in revenues may be worsened by the amendments to the laws on free zones, value added tax and income tax adopted in 1997 and 1998, which together have eroded the tax base.

Collection and grants Allocated non fiscal revenue

The tax system applicable to gold in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is a disincentive given the existence of free trade zones in neighbouring countries.

3. import duties and domestic taxes.

From 1994 onwards, financial institutions such as banks, finance and insurance companies were included.

Saved by Taxes

Taxing Tissue

State Revenues Act.

Municipal Revenues Act.

Alternative types of taxation

In many developing countries, total tax revenue is derived from three main sources domestic taxes on goods and services (sales and excise taxes), direct taxes (primarily on corporations), and, most important, taxes on foreign trade (import duties). But, as trade liberalization has lowered tariffs and duties, the share of trade taxes has declined, while other sources have not compensated for falling trade revenue.

It's not pulling in as much tax revenue as it once was, but it's serving its community.

The Direction Générale des Impôts (DGI), the tax authority, has continued to try to widen the scope of the tax collection base through various schemes in Government controlled areas in an effort to increase State revenues.

Programme of the EDB such as the Expansion Incentive for Partnerships (EIP) provide a tax exemption on 50 per cent of the qualifying overseas income above a predetermined base that helps Singapore companies establish competence and conduct a substantial amount of regional activities.

The amounts obtained by either form of local administration can be considerable, in many cases worth millions of United States dollars. Portions of the revenue are used for the procurement of arms and ammunition.

Among fiscal measures, the reduction of taxes and the granting of tax breaks in selected areas such as venture capital financing were of particular importance.

For these reasons, Obama is championing a revenue neutral reform that would leave corporate tax revenues unchanged, with the proposed rate cut financed by limiting deductions, credits, and loopholes, which would broaden the tax base.

General carbon taxes are under consideration, and a shift towards taxing the use rather than the purchase of cars is foreseen.

In that view, the primary emphasis in regional integration is on trade liberalization, involving across the board removal of tariffs through the formation of a free trade area or customs union.

Taxation and determining location of the parties

1. Income tax.

Conversely, the Home Rule Authority is the sole beneficiary of taxes and revenue generated in fields transferred to Home Rule.

All items should be exempt from tax and customs duty.

Capital tax differences among countries would induce capital to flow from the high tax to the low tax economies.

China could usefully explore shifting part of the burden from labor toward property, capital gains, and inheritance taxes. Larger dividends paid to the budget from the highly profitable state enterprise sector could also provide an alternative source of funds.

One key idea was to lighten the tax burden on labor . Taking into account the personal income tax and various social contributions, taxation of labor income in China is too high . To be sure, taxes are needed to finance social spending, but revenue sources other than taxes on labor income could do the job. China could usefully explore shifting part of the burden from labor toward property, capital gains, and inheritance taxes.