China s Flawed Balance of Payments Position

Balance of Payments Manual revision issues

However, such expansion is constrained by balance of payments considerations, which have been negatively affected by the external debt burden.

C. Balance of payments constraint and the debt burden

Time series analysis of balance of payments changes7

Source International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook, 2004.

In addition, external balance of payments assistance was suspended and debt service payments rose.

The revision of the fifth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual is being supervised by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), under the advice of the IMF Committee on Balance of Payments Statistics.

Discussants highlighted the international community's long standing responsibility to provide adequate financial support to countries with balance of payments problems.

Source International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook, 2004.

The balance of payments registered a deficit of US 155.6 million in the first quarter of 1998.

26. The current account of the balance of payments showed a substantial surplus in 1997.

Furthermore, the balance of payments of land locked countries is also adversely affected by the excessive share of foreign exchange earnings absorbed by transportation payments to foreign carriers for transport services In 1994, these payments exceeded 10 per cent of the value of exports of goods and services for 13 of the countries concerned and in nine countries they exceeded 25 per cent.

Typically, monetary policy is one of the policy tools for managing the balance of payments.

International support for the activities of recipient countries for refugees and displaced persons is hence a necessity.

13. The financial services sector remains dominated by international business companies, which generate half of total government revenue.

In addition, the data and information gathered by the United Nations international survey on firearm regulation is presented.

As a result, the balance of payments showed a surplus of US 420 million at the end of 1997.

The correspondence table between the Central Product Classification and the Extended Balance of Payments Statistics will be revised in line with the revisions and clarifications arising from the revision of the System of National Accounts, the Balance of Payments Manual and the Central Product Classification revision.

Trade liberalization would strengthen countries balance of payments position and, as a consequence, their current accounts.

Statement V International Year of Shelter statement of income and expenditure and changes in fund balance for the biennium ended 31 December 1997 for the International Year of Shelter for the Homeless

Led by an impressive growth in export revenues and a substantial reduction of current account and trade deficits, external indicators improved overall.

Bureau International de la Récupération

Croatia was constantly endeavouring to improve its creditworthiness, trade balance and investment climate.

These situations demonstrate acutely the need for sustained international commitment and support to refugee hosting States.

Gross disposable national income

Thus, trade liberalization in these countries was initially accompanied by real currency devaluations to avoid a sharp deterioration in the balance of payments.

Consequently, the trade balance improved to a deficit of US  235 million in the review year from US  288 million in 2002.

The result is an estimate of the impact of sanctions on the balance of payments, either in absolute or relative terms.

20. As for the external situation the terms of trade have deteriorated and there is a structural balance of payments deficit.

Former Yugoslavia since 1991 statement of income and balances as at 31 December 1997 . 135

in the Territory of Rwanda statement of income and balances as at 31 December 1997 . 137

Several of the recommendations made in the July 2005 Advisory Expert Group meeting were on balance of payments issues, focusing on strengthening the ability of the SNA to capture key features of globalization and ensuring harmony with the updated Balance of Payments Manual, namely

(a) To conduct a statistical needs assessment at the country level, with emphasis on national accounts, government finance and balance of payments statistics

High world oil prices and capital inflows are strengthening the balance of payments and contributing to exchange rate appreciation.

This would have a negative impact on the balance of payments, macroeconomic stability and the investment needed for growth.

Thanks to those remittances, its per capita income was equal to or even greater than that of Senegal and it consistently registered a surplus in its balance of payments.

Pan Gongsheng said that the present of risk of cross border capital flows can be controlled. The fundamental factors underpinning international balance of payments will still exist over the longer term.

V. INTERNATIONAL PAYMENTS 17

Aid is also used to finance development projects or to fund governmental balance of payments and budgetary requirements.

Balance of payment surpluses could be recycled as untied loans and humanitarian aid.

6 Charged against the United Nations apos Support Account

First, as with all systems that preceded it, it puts the burden of adjustment on deficit countries, not on surplus countries. The main exception is the United States, which, thanks to its reserve currency status, has so far been able to finance its deficit by issuing dollar liabilities that are held by the rest of the world.

अ तर र ष ट र य कर सहय ग क व फलत

International cooperation for purposes of confiscation