C. Stratospheric ozone

Trafficking in ozone depleting substances

It has long been understood that stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change are linked.

Hence, stratospheric ozone will remain vulnerable to chemical depletion for much of the current century.

Illegal trade in ozone depleting substances is controlled by the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, which aims to gradually reduce and finally phase out all ozone depleting substances.

47. In reaction to the depletion of the ozone layer, many industries in Malta had resorted to chlorothoro carbon substitutes.

11.1.2 Observations and analyses indicate that the rate of stratospheric ozone depletion at midlatitudes has slowed in recent years however, over the polar regions, while some indicators show reductions in ozone depletion, these have not been unambiguously attributed to changes in stratospheric halogen loading (i.e., declining EESC).

Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

Tropospheric Ozone Tropospheric ozone has just been recognized as a potentially important greenhouse gas.

Global changes, in particular climate change and depletion of the ozone layer, remain major threats to the integrity of the Antarctic environment.

Seventeenth Meeting of the Parties

to the Montreal Protocol on Substances

Second Extraordinary Meeting of the Parties to

Open ended Working Group of the Parties to

for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol

Please do not change any of the codes between this and the following comment.

Ozone depletion

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer of the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer provides the framework for Parties to phase out the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances (ODS) according to a strict time table.

The proposed amendment would, thereby, usefully contribute to achieving its final objective of protecting the stratospheric ozone layer by taking appropriate and timely measures to control global emissions of all ODS, with the ultimate objective of eliminating such substances.

Specifically, cooler stratospheric temperatures resulting from climate change will enhance ozone loss processes, thereby increasing ozone vulnerability in the polar regions, particularly in the Arctic. Observations have shown that cold Arctic winters have been characterized by lower minimum temperatures in the stratosphere.

Future ozone concentrations are mainly driven by the changes in stratospheric halogen loading, with ozone recovery occurring after the peak of halogen loading.

Includes the location of the Regional Network Coordination for Ozone Depleting Substances.

Adjustments to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

c. Examine possibilities of developing classification criteria for ozone depleting substances in cooperation with the Meeting of Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (in cooperation with OECD)

Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

Climate Change 960 million

Ozone depletion 50 million

The term quot ozone hole quot describes a large area of intense ozone depletion that occurs over Antarctica during late August through early October and typically breaks up in late November.

Nevertheless, the abundances of many of the replacements for ozone depleting substances (ODSs) still are increasing, and EESC will remain above pre 1980 levels for several decades.

The goal of this effort in the Pacific was to obtain in situ measurements of atmospheric trace gases related to stratospheric ozone.

(b) Further advancing scientific understanding of how climate change can affect the dynamics of stratospheric ozone loss and recovery

That year, a large hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic was detected, prompting Vienna Convention parties quickly to negotiate a graduated phase out of ozone depleting substances under the Montreal Protocol.

Current state of the ozone layer.

The ozone layer in the stratospheric layer of the atmosphere protects life on earth from the harmful effects of certain wavelengths of the sun's ultra violet light.

It also indicates that the combined total of all ozone depleting compounds in the troposphere peaked in 1994, and is now slowly declining.

While the Montreal Protocol as originally conceived did not address the problem of illegal trade, the parties subsequently agreed to establish licensing systems to monitor the flow of ozone depleting substances and to prevent legitimately produced ozone depleting substances from ending up on the black market.

Research by specialized agencies on the stratospheric ozone layer had provided the scientific underpinning for the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and its amendments, and data from research satellites had led to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Pursues research in satellite meteorology, air quality, stratospheric and tropospheric ozone, energy budget, cloud analysis and motion patterns of air masses.

The other problem is they're right in the ozone layer, and I'd prefer them above the ozone layer.

For example, some regions organize joint workshops with the Ozone Offices and customs officials of each party in those regions to discuss trade as it relates to illegal trafficking of ODS and to the licensing systems for import and export of ODS required under the Protocol.

Of greatest concern are three closely intertwined issues the occurrence of health damaging air pollution the build up of heat trapping greenhouse gases and the depletion of the Earth's protective stratospheric ozone layer.

Studies investigating the dynamical coupling between the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, particularly as it applies to water vapour, short lived halogen species, and ozone.

That assessment notes that, with full implementation of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, the complete recovery of the Earth s protective ozone layer could occur by the middle of the next century.

There had been an increase in the consumption of ODS as peace had been restored, and ODS had been imported before the Government had been able to reassert its border controls.

A major focus of the Upper Atmosphere Research Program (UARP) in 1994 was the Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone Experiment Measurements for Assessing the Effect of Stratospheric Aircraft campaign.