Retailers are distributors selling to end consumers.

Informal retailers could become the suppliers or the customers of formal retailers, or their franchises.

(d) Importation wholesale and retail businesses (foreign country).

They handle products in bulk but do not own them, delivering them to wholesalers, retailers or other individual users.

Some products enter the market through wholesalers who in turn distribute the products to a variety of retailers, while in other cases the producer sells directly to the retailer.

Monitoring of retailers could also be of value.

Retail trade 353

Foreign sales represent a significant share in total sales of the main European retailers.

Retail fuel dealers

The distribution sector includes commission agents, wholesalers and retailers who act as enablers of trade.

The retail sector includes two main types of retailers store and non store retailers.

The Euro Retailer Produce Working Group (EUREP) is a European based trade organization for retailers.

In the area of retail, the increasing popularity of modern format large shops, for example retail outlets outside city centres, has given rise to concerns about small shops vanishing.

Producers are also engaging in direct sales to consumers through on line retailing, bypassing retailers.

With 15 million retail outlets, India has the highest retail outlet density in the world.

The top 100 retailers (see table 3) account for 25 per cent of worldwide retailing sales.

The liberalization of the distribution sector in China has implied benefits for example, the development of different distribution formats, including specialty stores, the enhancement of local marketing and managerial capacity, and the possibility for domestic manufacturers to enter the international supply chain of foreign retailers (95 per cent of the products distributed by foreign retailers in China are locally sourced and foreign retailers export Chinese products abroad).

Retailers are able to access and tap different cost structures in different countries and are becoming global.

On the contrary, most European top retailers have operations outside the home country.

Growing use by retailers of own brands and discount retailing have also been driving prices down significantly.

In particular, online retail sales of physical goods amounted to approximately RMB5.08 trillion, while online retail sales of services amounted to nearly RMB1.49 trillion.

A review of the retail sector in the last 20 years has revealed that the rise of e commerce was similar to the emergence of discount retailers many years ago both were focused on price and convenience.

They choose the gradual opening up of the retail sector as the first step, allowing large scale providers to cater to customers at the higher end of the market.

Indeed, the Indian government s decision to welcome foreign retailers coincided with French retailer Carrefour s announcement that it will shut down its substantial operations in Singapore by the end of this year. Meanwhile, its British counterpart, Tesco, is shifting away from the large hypermarket format and investing heavily in online systems.

Wholesale retail trade and repair of motor cars, motorcycles and personal and household effects

I'd put out feelers to retailers, to auctioneers, and it was coming up empty.

In 2000, 70 per cent of the global top retailers already operated a transactional web site.

Eventually, they themselves become formal retailers.

While the first operates fixed point of sale locations, non store retailers or retailers away from a fixed location reach customers and market merchandise with methods such as broadcasting infomercials , paper and electronic catalogues, door to door solicitation and selling from portable stalls.

From a global perspective, both retailers and e commerce firms are transforming from a single channel to a multi channel retail system that encompasses physical stores, e commerce, mobile terminals and social media.

According to other views, a much smaller market share, as low as 8 per cent, could suffice for a retailer to have market power.

The dominant market position of large retailers has been strengthened through cross border buying alliances among nominally independent retailers.

They cater to retailers and to other wholesalers, and, for example in the food business, to what are called institutional customers , such as restaurants, hospitals, and catering services.

The retailers have kind of quashed this notion though.

Despite a broadband penetration rate of only 30 , e tail commanded 5 6 of total retail sales in China in 2012, on par with the US. And the sector is already profitable Chinese e tailers are logging margins of 8 10 of earnings before interest, taxes, and amortization, which is slightly larger than the average margin for physical retailers.

The services segment of the economy, apart from government services, comprises mostly trade, both wholesale and retail.

In the case of Colombia, for example in 1995 small retail establishments accounted for approximately 47 per cent of total retail sales, down from more than 75 per cent in 1985.

There are few modern retail stores, and these are concentrated in urban areas.

The process of opening the retail sector in China began in 1992 when foreign investment was allowed in retailing on a trial basis.

It is primarily a company that manufactures, bottles and resells the finished product to wholesalers and retailers in Costa Rica.

Store retail services can be classified according to size, business format, and product mix or specialization.

Recent monthly figures suggest a pick up in retail sales. But, because the official statistics capture mostly sales by larger retailers and exclude the fall in sales by hundreds of thousands of smaller stores and businesses that have failed, consumption looks better than it really is.

Retailers have internationalized through franchising, especially in the speciality store segment, where restrictions on commercial establishment were in effect.

In most countries, the retail sector has typically developed in three stages first, local or regional players dominate, before a smaller number of national companies takes over, with e tailers ultimately challenging traditional businesses. But China lacks national leaders, with the top five Chinese retailers in different product categories commanding less than 20 of the market, compared to up to 60 in the US.

Since stakeholders are concerned about the rapidly increasing presence of foreign retailers, there is a need to bridge the fear factor .