Large investors diversify their asset portfolio in order to optimize their risk return ratio.

(c) Diversify the portfolio in respect of asset type, currency and geography

(d) In view of the size and diversification of the investment portfolio, the Investment Management Service should increase the number of investment managers or review the possibility of hiring additional discretionary investment advisers (AS2001 95 1 14)

(b) An allocation to high yield bonds will provide further diversification benefits to the portfolio, more than compensating for the risk of this asset category

Moreover, there had been a healthy diversification of FDI target sectors.

Economic and trade diversification could be crucial, and donor commitments to investment in economic diversification could be essential.

The working group welcomed the initiatives taken by the Investment Management Service with a view to controlling risks, and diversifying and modernizing its operations.

Privatizations had been the main engine behind the FDI flows, though the dependence upon too few investing countries had not permitted proper differentiation.

Recognizing the importance of government investment in promoting innovation and growth implies the need to rethink the conventional wisdom about state intervention. Instead of focusing on picking individual technologies or firms, public organizations should act like investors, betting on a diversified portfolio of choices.

Also, an investment team specialized in developing countries and in alternative investments would increase the probability of higher investment returns and would also offer a better risk management capability as a result of further diversification.

(a) The Investment Management Service should review the possibility of further diversifying its investment portfolio (asset classes) using alternative investments, within its tenets of safety, profitability, liquidity and convertibility, and inform the Pension Board of the results of the review for its consideration (AS2003 801 02 003)

(iii) Capital investment upgrading the United Nations Headquarters campus network infrastructure with robust capabilities to support large and multiple user groups with diverse requirements for mission critical data, voice and video traffic

Diversification has often been an explicit objective of trade and investment promotion actions by government, parastatals, or industrial associations.

The portfolio mix will remain diverse, comprising complex, full service operations management portfolios and portfolios involving the provision of individual service support processes and inputs.

(i) Joint ventures could provide a positive impetus to diversification.

Portfolio management

Finance for diversification

NEW YORK Even in normal times, individual and institutional investors alike have a hard time figuring out where to invest and in what. Should one invest more in advanced or emerging economies?

Over the past several decades, FDI and strategic alliances and joint ventures have begun contributing to vertical diversification through the establishment of processing plants in developing countries.

What Africa is providing is a diversification play, and also opportunities for yield pickup for the investor that's aware of what he or she is doing.

Calls on the Waqf's Supervisory Council and the Committee for Resources Development of the ISF to intensify their efforts to better diversify the investment portfolios of ISF's Waqf Fund at the Islamic Development Bank.

It was important to seek programmes and projects which promoted diversification of exports and investment in natural resources and infrastructure in order to increase investment possibilities.

46. Enterprise level diversification in developing countries has often been financed through organic growth , i.e., reinvestment of profits, through loan based investment.

Enterprise diversification is often a result of organic growth through internal investment and loans.

Moreover, the management of cultural diversity in a system of organizations as culturally diverse as that of the United Nations might appear to some as superfluous.

This weak investment and diversification dynamic has had a direct bearing on the kind of FDI attracted to the region, as well as its impact.

The Investment Section provides the services and activities required to realize the goals and long term objectives of the Fund, namely (a) to preserve the principal of the Fund in real terms (b) to obtain optimal investment returns while avoiding undue risk and (c) to diversify the portfolio in respect of asset type, currency and geography.

39. Of the three forms of private capital flow (loans, FDI and portfolio equity), FDI and portfolio equity investments are more relevant in the present context of African economies.

(b) In order to establish accountability, the Investment Management Service should either (i) ensure that the fixed income investment officer acts with greater independence in the management of the portfolio or (ii) consider outsourcing the fixed income portfolio while maintaining the investment officer to monitor the performance of the outsourced portfolio (AS2003 801 02 011)

Both developed and developing countries had liberalized their rules on foreign investment in order to attract more FDI, but there was still a diversity of national priorities and objectives as far as FDI was concerned, and the possibility of multilateralizing FDI rules should be examined.

Chinese government debt will become an important global benchmark asset, which should help its private sector to attract funding on reasonable terms, while the predominance of the US Federal Reserve in determining worldwide monetary conditions would presumably diminish. The decades old shift to a multipolar world for manufacturing could thus lead to a more multipolar currency world, with the renminbi as an important player.

UNCTAD apos s experience in the area of FDI should also be used to discuss the proposals for a multilateral investment agreement, in cooperation with other international organizations such as WTO and OECD.

Noting that numerous declarations within the United Nations system promote respect for cultural diversity, as well as for international cultural cooperation, in particular the Declaration of the Principles of International Cultural Cooperation and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity, adopted by its General Conference in 1966 and 2001 respectively,

(b) National institutions and organizations are supportive of efforts for diversification of United Nations suppliers

To help in achieving that goal, the Fund continued to adhere to its policy of wide diversification by asset class, geography and currency.

In the area of investment promotion, UNIDO and UNCTAD were the joint hosts for an international conference on privatization and investment held in Geneva in which 200 businessmen participated along with Uzbek government officials.

8. The liberalization of cross border flows had led to the internationalization of investments by institutional funds.

Financing of diversification in Colombia

47. Foreign capital is another source of diversification funding.

Greenfield investments are less common, since these generally imply much larger risks and financial commitments for the investing enterprise.

Noting further the ongoing work on cultural diversity in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization,

Here, what might be called the pension sovereign wealth fund model in which a public entity holds and manages a diversified portfolio of assets as a financial investor with appropriately specified duties and governance seems to be the right way to go. The asset side of the balance sheet is maintained in the aggregate, but the management of the assets, particularly the diversification of holdings, can be thought of as prudent and de facto privatized.

Another possibility is the development of foreign investment funds investing in a diversified portfolio of domestic currency denominated debt of developing countries, which provide, through diversification, risk adjusted rates of return that are attractive to foreign investors.

Diversification, particularly when land is scarce, needs investment, and farmers without secure property rights are reluctant to undertake such investments (Pingali and Rosegrant, 1995, p.181f).

This has prompted diversification in those instances where government policy pursued a deliberate strategy of funneling proceeds from such investment into other developmental activities.