Government procurement

Public procurement

In the context of WTO, government procurement is subject to transparency obligations not only under the GPA but also article X.1 of GATT and article III.1 of GATS, with the result that the number of States obliging to publish measures relating to government procurement is not limited to the States parties to the GPA.

The openness of public procurement can also facilitate the formation and monitoring of cartel agreements.

See, e.g., appendix IV to the GPA listing publications utilized by States parties to the GPA for the publication of texts under paragraph 1 of article XIX of the GPA.

See, e.g., appendix IV to the GPA listing publications utilized by States parties to the GPA for the publication of texts under paragraph 1 of article XIX of the GPA.

See, e.g., in China, the Shanghai Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding, articles 22 and 27 the Shenzhen City Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding, article 31 the Zhuhai City Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding, article 29 and the Hefei City Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding, article 25.

The way government does its procurement affects the format of electronic auctions in public procurement.

See the Zhejiang Province Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding, article 8 the Shanghai Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding, article 6 and the Xuzhou City Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding, article 8.

See the Shanghai Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding, article 19 and the Zhejiang Province Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding, article 22.

See, in China, the Shanghai Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding, article 22 the Shunyi District of Beijing Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding, article 20 and the Liuzhou City Rules of Implementation for Public Procurement through Online Procurement , article 22.

See, e.g., the Shanghai Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding , article 6, and the Zhejiang Province Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding , article 8.

This approach is said to be taken in the revised GPA as well (see above, footnote 14).

See, e.g., the Public Procurement Law of Poland (article 80(2)) and, in China, the Zhejiang Province Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding, article 22.

The text of the 1981 GATT Agreement on Government Procurement is available at http www.wto.org english docs_e legal_e tokyo_gpr_e.pdf.

Public Procurement Code, article 56(3).

See, in China, the Shanghai Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding , article 19 and the Zhejiang Province Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding, article 22.

See, e.g., the Shanghai Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding, article 17 and the Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding of Shunyi District of Beijing, article 15.

For example, in Australia, public procurement is largely governed by government procurement policies, consisting of Commonwealth Procurement Guidelines, Finance Circulars and Procurement Guidance, the latter including a range of web based and printed guidance documents developed by the Department of Finance and Administration to assist agencies and officials to implement the Government's procurement policy.

95. The view was expressed that it would be useful to refer to the World Trade Organization apos s Agreement on Government Procurement.

Article 78(2) of the Public Procurement Law of Poland.

See, e.g., the Shanghai Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding.

See, e.g., article 22 of the Shanghai Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding.

See, e.g., in the Philippines, the Act providing for the Modernization, Standardization and Regulation of the Procurement Activities of the Government and for Other Purposes, Republic Act No. 9184 (the Government Procurement Reform Act ), section 6, which states that the Government Procurement Policy Board shall pursue the development of generic procurement manuals, the use of which once issued shall be mandatory upon all procuring entities.

(ii) Introduction of energy efficiency criteria for public procurement of products, with possible coordination among Parties

See, e.g., the Zhejiang Province Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding , article 22.

COMPRASNET (www.comprasnet.gov.br) is the web platform for e Government Procurement of the Federal Government in Brazil.

They also had meetings in which they agreed to rig bids on government procurement contracts.

In China, ERAs are open only to members of the local online public procurement bidding system maintained by local public procurement centres.

Table 4 Benefits and beneficiaries of electronic government procurement

See, e.g., in China, the Liuzhou City Rules of Implementation for Public Procurement through Online Procurement, article 19.

See Purchase Contract Awards Act 2002 of Austria, para. 116.10(4) and article 79(2) of the Public Procurement Law of Poland.

See, e.g., the Working Procedure for Online Procurement Bidding (Office Equipment), article 6, under the Zhejiang Province Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding.

EU may Reach Crude Oil Purchase Agreement with Iran

A recent EC communication proposes a framework for services GP basically providing for commitments on GP to be taken within the framework of schedules of specific commitments, listed in a fifth column on limitations on GP.

Table 5.

See, e.g., Purchase Contract Awards Act 2002 of Austria, para. Also, the Shanghai Interim Measures for the Management of Online Public Procurement Bidding, article 14.

At present, the most universal procurement specific international instrument, the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA), does not address ERAs.

See, e.g., the Public Procurement Law of Poland, article 75(2) and Purchase Contract Awards Act 2002 of Austria, para.

Such a requirement is found in article 75(1) of the Public Procurement Law of Poland.

Public Procurement Law of Poland of 29 January 2004, article 74(2).

For the publication requirements in connection with the maintenance of suppliers' lists, see, for example, article XI (9) of the GPA.

Propose policies for procurement and installation of station equipment

The United States Government may not procure, or enter into any contract for the procurement of, any goods or services from a sanctioned person

In China, regulations on online public procurement bidding have been adopted by a number of local governments while in Singapore, the subject is regulated by internal documents of procuring agencies.