Reference is made to relevant jurisprudence of the ECHR.

Judgment of 2 March 1994, Case C 316 91, European Court Reports (1994), p. I 625 at pp. I 660 661 (recital 29).

In this connection, the State party also mentions the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and Canada.

Judgment of 15 July 1964, Case 6 64, European Court Reports (1964), p. 585.

A note on a court decision rendered by the European Court of Justice.

Judgment of 30 September 1987, Case 12 86, European Court Reports (1987), p. 3719 at p. 3751 (recital 11).

As regards the concept of established service provider, the directive sets out that case law of the European Court of Justice must be taken into account.

7 European Court of Human Rights, Judgement No. 66289 01, Py v. France (see www.echr.coe.int).

The State party requests the Committee to endorse the European Court's case law in this regard.

The newly drafted Labour Law introduced specific definitions of direct discrimination, harassment (including sexual harassment) and indirect discrimination in line with the recent case law of the European Court of Justice.

2.6 On 12 December 2002, DRC filed a complaint with the Commissioner of Police of Copenhagen ( the Commissioner ).

The majority of the relevant case law comes from the European Court of Human Rights but there is also relevant case law from other bodies.

Under European case law and in accordance with a decision of 3 December 1992 handed down by the Court of Justice of the European Communities, a judicial remedy should be granted even where not provided for by domestic procedure.

The European Court's jurisprudence that appellate courts may, in principle, simply endorse the reasons stated in the lower court's decision must a fortiori also apply to the reasoning required from Supreme Courts, which, like Constitutional Courts, often dismiss appeals in a cursory manner.

The Court of Justice of the European Communities also continued to make a valuable contribution to the dissemination of international law by systematically publishing its case law in the 11 official languages of the Communities.

The only institution that does have that power is the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. But Germany s Constitutional Court can judge whether the actions of EU institutions are compatible with its constitution and the European Union treaties.

4.8 The State party, referring to the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, explains that, under the concept of discrimination, situations that are the same are treated in the same way, and situations that are different are treated differently.

The European Court of Human Rights had no jurisdiction to pronounce on acts of the European Community as the Community was not a party to the Convention.

3.4 The author refers to the relevant jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, according to which national courts must indicate with sufficient clarity on what grounds they base their decisions, so as to enable the accused meaningfully to exercise his right to appeal.

European Court of Human Rights

For example, a number of Member States contested the ability of the EC to join the European Convention on Human Rights before the European Court of Justice.

However, the Court's judgement had focused on the obligations of High Contracting Parties to the European Convention on Human Rights that were also member States of the European Community.

The case law of the Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice offered a rich source of examples of State practice.

Court decisions applying the UNCITRAL Model Law. Yearbook commercial arbitration (Deventer) 21 193 209, 1996.

Judgment of 15 July 1964, Case 6 64, European Court Reports (1964), p. 585.

The author refers to the European Court of Human Right's case of De Haes and Gijsels v. Belgium.

The European Union commends the Court for its outreach activities in the field, which are carried out in relation to those cases.

Although the reservation explicitly only referred to matters which have already been examined by the European Commission of Human Rights, it was clear from the Committee's jurisprudence that the reservation also applied to cases in which the European Court has previously examined the same matter.

The most important example is constitutional courts a different animal from the US Supreme Court, and one specifically tasked with ensuring respect for individual rights. Eventually, even countries traditionally suspicious of government by judges France being the classic case accepted this model of constrained democracy.

European Court of Human Rights 34 36 11

Amongst the cases referred to by the Court of Appeal was BMW Investments Ltd. v. Saskferco Products Inc. (CLOUT case no. 116 in A CN.9 SER.C ABSTRACTS 8).

23. Other international courts and tribunals, including the European Court of Human Rights and the Inter American Court of Human Rights, are invited to disseminate more widely their judgements and advisory opinions and to consider preparing thematic or analytical summaries thereof.

Turning to question (b), he noted that the case law of the European Court of Human Rights indicated that, under the European Convention on Human Rights, member States were responsible for the acts of international organizations, even after they had transferred competence to those organizations.

As regards trade unions, the case law of the European Court of Human Rights has already enshrined the principle by enabling them to submit to it for consideration a collective labour conflict.

(By way of illustration, the celebrated judgement delivered by the European Court of Human Rights in 1979, in Airey v. Ireland, concerning legal aid and the effective enjoyment of the right to have access to the courts, can be directly traced back to the United States Supreme Court ruling of 1963 in Gideon v. Wainwright, applying the guarantees of a fair trial provided for in the sixth amendment to the United States Constitution.

European Court of Human Rights, Hadjianastassiou v. Greece, judgement of 16 December 1992, Series A, No. 252.

European Court of Human Rights, application No. 56811 00 (Amrollahi v. Denmark), Judgement of 11 July 2002.

In that connection, it is relevant to recall the invaluable contribution made by the then Vice President of the Court, Judge C.G. Weeramantry of Sri Lanka, to the jurisprudence of the Court, particularly in relation to international environmental law.

Here the European precedents are extremely clear.

With reference to the Committee's jurisprudence, the United Nations Principles on the Effective Prevention and Investigation of Extra legal, Arbitrary and Summary Executions and jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, the author argues that the requirements of an effective investigation remedy were not met.

Europe s High Court Confronts Racism

VII. CASE LAW ON UNCITRAL TEXTS (CLOUT) 260 263 56

The Court is in the process of negotiating agreements for cooperation with other international and regional organizations, including the African Union and the European Union.

The Supreme Court decided.

Three of the other parents in the national court suit, and the NHA, decided to bring their complaint to the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter denominated ECHR)).