The 1998 Declaration on HCFCs, HFCs and PFCs could also usefully be revisited.

(a) Reducing international trafficking of existing chlorofluorocarbons and ensuring a timely phase out of methyl bromide and hydrofluorocarbons

Mr. Kuijpers noted that related gases (CFCs, HFCs, HCFCs and PFCs) were used in a variety of sectors, including refrigeration and air conditioning, foams, medical aerosols, fire protection and non medical aerosols.

UNIDO's priorities in this area will therefore be as follows

Hydrochlorofluorocarbon, chillers and destruction technologies

In conclusion, he called for Parties to the Montreal Protocol to instruct the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund to cease funding new HCFC and HFC projects, and to review those for which funding had been agreed but had not yet been implemented, to introduce a second round of funding for phase out of HCFCs and HFCs, to accelerate phase out of HCFCs and, in collaboration with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, to place a global cap on production of HFCs.

The Secretariat will update the Parties on submissions that have been made pursuant to decision XV 3, as well as other actions that have taken place under this decision.

More limited production and consumption of HCFC 22 in the period prior to phase out would further protect the ozone layer and reduce greenhouse gas emissions of HCFC 22 and HFC 23 produced as an unwanted by product of HCFC 22 production.

From the point of view of prevention of illegal trade it is very important that HCFCs are included since otherwise CFCs could be traded under trade names and customs codes of HCFCs, thereby escaping by and large customs controls.

This is due to a decrease in the emission of CFCs and, particularly, to a stabilization of HCFC emissions between 2002 and 2015.

The main problem occurs with HCFCs and blends of CFCs which gradually take over portions of the CFC market and might then be the object of illicit commerce themselves.

Ms Solomon then reviewed an evaluation of the mobile air conditioning sector, which showed the growth of use of HFC 134a and the need to consider end of life management issues for both CFCs and HFCs.

He noted that while the amounts of CFCs held in banks were decreasing, the amounts of HFC and HCFCs in banks were expanding, and that there were no regulatory obligations under either the Montreal Protocol or the Kyoto Protocol to restrict emissions from banked material.

Implications of the establishment of new hydrochlorofluorocarbon 22 (HCFC 22) facilities seeking to obtain certified emission reductions for the destruction of hydrofluorocarbon 23 (HFC 23)

47. In reaction to the depletion of the ozone layer, many industries in Malta had resorted to chlorothoro carbon substitutes.

Other representatives drew attention to the fact that funding was available under the clean development mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol for projects involving HFC 23, which is produced in HCFC 22 production as a by product.

Transition from CFC 11 had almost been achieved in Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 and remaining use was less than 5 per cent of the original baseline, supported by the fact that CFC 11 prices were now at the same level as those of HCFC 141b.

In accordance with the Montreal Amendment to the Montreal Protocol licensing systems should be systematically applied not only to CFCs but also to imports and exports of other ODS, in particular to CTC, TCA, HCFCs, refrigerant blends containing CFCs and methyl bromide.

While actions taken under the Montreal Protocol had so far led to a reduction in greenhouse gases, this was little cause for rejoicing, as much more could have been achieved if the Multilateral Fund had not funded so many HCFC and HFC alternatives to CFCs.

Other ODS, in particular CTC, TCA and HCFCs as well as refrigerant blends containing CFCs and methyl bromide are receiving less attention and are less comprehensively monitored and controlled.

The special report estimated that in a mitigation scenario (with the global utilization of best practices and recovery methods to address these residual emissions), related direct greenhouse gas emissions of CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs could be reduced by about 50 per cent compared to the business as usual scenario.

With regard to HFCs and PFCs, he noted that while there was no published data to enable accurate projection of future production capacities, it was expected that the production capacity for HFCs would meet demand, and that it would grow over time, particularly in developing countries.

He suggested that the Parties might wish to consider how further HCFC production controls and conversions might impact emissions.

Decides that, for the purpose of project activities under the clean development mechanism, the following definitions shall apply with respect to new HCFC 22 facilities

Other ODS, in particular CTC, TCA and HCFCs as well as refrigerant blends containing CFCs and methyl bromide are receiving less attention and are less comprehensively monitored and controlled.

Mr. Kuijpers then quantified the potential emissions benefits of a mitigation scenario in relation to a business as usual scenario, which included a reduction of CFC emissions by 30 per cent in 2015 and a reduction of HCFC emissions by 50 per cent in 2015.

Dichlorodifluoromethane and difluoroethane azeotropic mixture with approximately 74 dichlorodifluoromethane (Refrigerant gas R 500)

In response to a question on the increase in the price of CFC 12, the Open ended Working Group was informed that while prices varied by region, the price increases of CFC 12 had been considerably less than those of HFC 134a.

The reporting of CTC had been variable and would be addressed to the extent possible and he agreed that the issue of HCFCs could be re examined at such time as the Executive Committee took a decision on that matter.

Obligations of Parties to the Beijing Amendment under Article 4 of the Montreal Protocol with respect to hydrochlorofluorocarbons (decision XV 3).

Aware that hydrochlorofluorocarbon 22 (HCFC 22) used as feedstock in the manufacture of other chemicals is not controlled under the Montreal Protocol,

Companies switching from CFCs to other substances were accumulating growing volumes of CFCs for disposal, but could not keep them in storage indefinitely, and lacked the technical and financial capacity to destroy them.

In terms of trends regarding key gases, data from several sources had suggested that CFC levels were stable or decreasing and currently amounted to 1.5 1.9 GT of carbon dioxide equivalents, HCFC levels were increasing by 1 3 per cent per year and currently amounted to 0.53 0.56 GT of CO2 equivalents, and HFC levels were increasing by 13 17 per cent per year and currently amounted to 0.36 GT of CO2 equivalents.

This could have the side effect of reducing the price of HCFC 22 and therefore potentially increasing its production and consumption and retarding its phase out.

However, it was expected that HFC 134a production would continue to increase in developed countries, while at the same time non HFC alternatives would increasingly be introduced.

Chlorodifluoromethane and chloropentafluoroethane mixture with fixed boiling point, with approximately 49 chlorodifluoromethane (Refrigerant gas R 502)

He predicted that hydrocarbons were likely to be the predominant blowing agent in the medium term, while noting that reliance on limited numbers of production sites for key HFCs was posing a challenge to the transition from HCFCs in some regions.

Chlorine Not Allowed Chlorodifluoromethane (Refrigerant gas R 22)

Chloropentafluoroethane (Refrigerant gas R 115)

1 Chloro 1,2,2,2 tetrafluoroethane (Refrigerant gas R 124)

Dichlorofluoromethane (Refrigerant gas R 21)

Propane 1 Chloro 2,2,2 trifluoroethane (Refrigerant gas R 133a)

Imports of CFC 11 show a radical decline, even the demand for CFC 12 is partly decreasing while CFC prices tend to increase.

Actually Article 5 countries are obliged by the Montreal Amendment to include Annex C (HCFCs) starting from 2005 and Annex E (Methyl Bromide) starting from 2002.

The report stated that ozone depleting substance replacements such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) generally had lower global warming potential than the ozone depleting substances they replace and that the energy efficiency of products made with alternatives to ozone depleting substances could generally be maintained.