Fostering the channelling of remittances through financial institutions ( bancarization').

Promote agreements between financial institutions of sending and receiving countries.

a Private flows include those identified as workers' remittances and other private remittances .

(n) Reserve for exchange rate fluctuations

The use of banks and other financial institutions by receivers and senders of remittances would also contribute to the reduction of transfer costs.

A. UNITED NATIONS ALL FUNDS SUMMARY

I am enclosing this time haf the usual amount.

The provision of technical assistance to small financial institutions in remittances' recipient countries therefore reducing transfer costs becomes highly relevant too, as it can encourage voluntary agreements between financial institutions in receiving and sender countries.

The Exchange Fund was mainly used for supporting Hong Kong dollars.

In turn, remittances can spur this development.

Two. Leamas collects cash from innocent bank.

The Executive Board is responsible for the conduct of operations of the Fund and reports to the Governing Council thereon.

(b) By means of an electronic transfer of funds or by cheque.

Glossary of selected UNICEF terminology used in the report

Improved control of international banking systems, including wire funds transfers.

II. Glossary of selected UNICEF terminology used in the report

The Hong Kong Monetary Authority bought Hong Kong dollars and sold Hong Kong dollars at the level of 7.85 according to the linked exchange rate system, in order to maintain the stability of the exchange rate of Hong Kong dollars.

Examples of non banking financial institutions to which the List should be transmitted include pension, insurance and financial leasing companies, foreign exchange bureaux, money transmitters, securities firms and credit unions.

The Committee noted that MERs used for the purposes of the scale are generally annual averages of rates communicated to IMF and published in International Financial Statistics.

The aggregate summary of the RFA accounts is shown in table 12.

(i) Identification, collection and compilation of information on MFIs

The reporting instrument employed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to obtain the data published in its annual Government Finance Statistics Yearbook is somewhat different from the three above mentioned instruments.

The consolidation of gold deliveries from Ituri with a value of 1.3 million

H. Decision XVII __ Fixed exchange rate mechanism for the replenishment of the Multilateral Fund

UNDP and UNFPA have their own glossaries.

Spain has launched initiatives that can be grouped into two categories a) promoting a higher participation of banks and financial institutions in the channelling of remittances.

The exploitation of Alternative Remittance Systems such as trade based money, hawala and NGOs are addressed.

The purpose of fostering the bancarization' of remittances would also contribute to the provision of integrated services to senders and receivers of remittances, such as savings accounts, credits and mortgages (microfinance).

In order to maximise the impact remittances have on the economic activity of the recipient country (the multiplier effect'), the development of new financial instruments, such as loans backed on remittances, might have positive results.

It was necessary to take measures for reducing the costs of international remittances, especially of small amounts, and to engage in dialogue with major financial institutions on that issue.

High transaction costs reduce the funds received by recipient families and deter the use of formal channels for remittances, keeping these funds outside the formal financial system.

Funds transmitted to non governmental organizations are initially placed in the bank's blocked account .

The hawala system of the informal economy is not authorized by the country's monetary authorities.

Copper and other metal exports account for about 75 per cent of the country's foreign exchange earnings.

According to the World Bank, a reduction of 5 per cent in those costs could increase flows to destination countries by up to US 5 billion.

Note 3. All funds summaries income and expenditure and changes in reserves and fund balances (statement I) assets, liabilities, reserves and fund balances (statement II) cash flow (statement III)

According to those documents and a number of witnesses, Mr. Mazio is consolidating gold consignments from a number of smaller gold dealers.

UNICEF and the World Bank worked together in 2004 to compile guidance and good examples.

The flow of remittances that circulate through formal channels depends on the degree of financial development.

In 2005 the KP has worked towards improving the compilation and analysis of statistical data.

Transactions in other currencies are converted into euros as follows income, expenditure and changes in reserves and fund balances at the applicable United Nations operational rate of exchange at the deemed date of the transaction and assets, liabilities, reserves and fund balances at the applicable United Nations operational rate of exchange at the date of the statement (see also note 1 (q) below on Other income Gain loss on exchange).

With funding received from UNFPA, the Institute developed a methodology for case studies on gender and remittances.

The amount of 174,307 represents the net realized exchange gain from regular budget activities.

12 World Bank, Global Development Finance, 1998, Analysis and summary tables, p. 3.

The results of the former proposed measures would be maximized through the establishment of alliances' between financial institutions sender institutions and receiving ones .